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NOAILLES

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Originally appearing in Volume V19, Page 723 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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NOAILLES , the name of a See also:

great See also:French See also:family, derived from the See also:castle of Noailles in the territory of Ayen, between See also:Brive and See also:Turenne in the See also:Limousin, and claiming to date back to the Iith See also:century. It did not obtain fame until the 16th century, when its See also:head, See also:ANTOINE de Noailles (1504–1562), became See also:admiral of See also:France, and was See also:ambassador in See also:England during three important years, 1553–1556, maintaining a gallant but unsuccessful rivalry with the See also:Spanish ambassador, See also:Simon See also:Renard. See also:HENRI (1554–1623), son of Antoine, was a See also:commander in the religious See also:wars, and was made cornte d'Ayen by See also:Henry IV. in 1593. See also:ANNE (d. 1678), the See also:grandson of the first See also:count, played an important See also:part in the See also:Fronde and the See also:early years of the reign of See also:Louis XIV., became See also:captain-See also:general of the newly won See also:province of See also:Roussillon, and in 1663 was made duc d'Ayen, and peer of France. The sons of the first See also:duke raised the family to its greatest fame. The eldest son, ANNE JULES (1650–1708), was one of the See also:chief generals of France towards the end of the reign of Louis XIV., and, after raising the See also:regiment of Noailles in 1689, he commanded in See also:Spain during the See also:war of the Spanish See also:succession, and was made See also:marshal of France in 1693. A younger son, Louis ANTOINE (1651-1729), was made See also:archbishop of See also:Paris in 1695, holding this high dignity until his See also:death; he was made a See also:cardinal in 1699. The name of Noailles occurs with almost confusing reiteration throughout the 18th century. ADRIEN See also:MAURICE (1678-1766), the third duke, served in all the most important wars of the reign of Louis XV. in See also:Italy and See also:Germany, and became a marshal in 1734. His last command was in the war of the See also:Austrian succession, when he was beaten by the See also:English at the See also:battle of See also:Dettingen in 1743. He married Frangoise d'See also:Aubigne, a niece of Madame de See also:Maintenon and two of his sons also attained the See also:rank of marshal of France.

The See also:

elder, Lours (1713-1793), who See also:bore the See also:title of duc d'Ayen till his See also:father's death in 1766, when he became duc de Noailles, served in most of the wars of the 18th century without particular distinction, but was nevertheless made a marshal in 1775. He refused to emigrate during the Revolution, but escaped the See also:guillotine by dying in See also:August 1793, before the Terror reached its height. On the 4th See also:Thermidor (See also:July 22) the aged duchesse de Noailles was executed with her daughter-in-See also:law, the duchesse d'Ayen, and her granddaughter, the vicomtesse de Noailles. See also:JEAN See also:PAUL FRAN9oIS (1739-1824), the fifth duke, was in the See also:army, but his tastes were scientific, and for his See also:eminence as a chemist he was elected a member of the See also:Academy of Sciences in 1777. He became duc d'Ayen in 1766 on his See also:grand-father's death, and duc de Noailles on his father's in 1793. Having emigrated in 1792, he lived in See also:Switzerland until the Restoration in 1814, when he took his seat as a peer of France. He had no son, and was succeeded as duc de Noailles by his grand-See also:nephew, PAUL (1802-1885), who won some reputation as an author, and who became a member of the French Academy in the See also:place of See also:Chateaubriand in 1849. The grandfather of Paul de Noailles, and See also:brother of the fifth duke, See also:EMMANUEL See also:MARIE LOUIS (1743-1822), See also:marquis de Noailles, was ambassador at See also:Amsterdam from 1720-1776, at See also:London 1776-1783, and at See also:Vienna 1783-1792. One other See also:branch of the family deserves See also:notice. PHILIPPE (1715-1794), See also:comte de Noailles, afterwards duc de Mouchy, was a younger brother of the See also:fourth duke, and a more distinguished soldier than his brother. He served at See also:Minden and in other See also:campaigns, and was made a marshal on the same See also:day as his brother. He was See also:long in great favour at See also:court, and his wife was first See also:lady of See also:honour to Marie Antoinette, and was nicknamed by her Madame See also:Etiquette.

This court favour brought down See also:

punishment in the days of the Revolution, and the old marshal and his wife were guillotined on the 27th of See also:June 1794. His two sons, the See also:prince de Poix and the vicomte de Noailles, were members of the Constituent See also:Assembly.

End of Article: NOAILLES

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