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ROUSSILLON , one of the old provinces of See also:France. It now forms the greater See also:part of the See also:department of See also:Pyrenees Orientales (q.v.). It was bounded S. by the Pyrenees, W. by the See also:county of See also:Foix, N. by See also:Languedoc and E. by the Mediterranean. The See also:province derived its name from a small See also:place near See also:Perpignan, the See also:capital, called Ruscino (Rosceliona, See also:Castel Rossello), where the Gallic chieftains met to consider See also:Hannibal's See also:request for a See also:conference. The See also:district formed part of the See also:Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis from 121 B.C. to A.D. 462, when it was ceded with the See also:rest of Septimania to See also:Theodoric II., See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of the Visigoths. His successor, Amalaric, on his defeat by See also:Clovis in 53 retired to See also:Spain, leaving a See also:governor in Septimania. In 719 the See also:Saracens crossed the Pyrenees, and Septimania was held by them until their defeat by See also:Pippin in 756. On the invasion of Spain by See also:Charlemagne in 778 he found the border-lands wasted by the Saracenic See also:wars, and the inhabitants hiding among the mountains. He accordingly made grants of See also:land to Visigothic refugees from Spain, and founded several monasteries, See also:round which the See also:people gathered for See also:protection. In 792 the Saracens again invaded France, but were repulsed by See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis, king of See also:Aquitaine, whose See also:rule extended over all See also:Catalonia as far as See also:Barcelona. The different portions of his See also:kingdom in See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time See also:grew into allodial fiefs, and in 893 Suniaire II. became the first hereditary See also:count of Roussillon. But his rule only extended over the eastern part of what became the later province. The western part, or Cerdagne, was ruled in goo by Miron as first count, and one of his grandsons, See also:Bernard, was the first hereditary count of the See also:middle portion, or Besalu. In 1111 See also:Raymond-See also:Berenger III., count of Barcelona, inherited the See also:fief of Besalu, to which was added in 1117 that of Cerdagne; and in 1172 his See also:grandson, Alfonso II., king of See also:Aragon, See also:united Roussillon to his other states on the See also:death of the last count, See also:Gerard II. The See also:counts of Roussillon, Cerdagne and Besalu were not sufficiently powerful to indulge in any wars of ambition. Their energies had been devoted to furthering the welfare of their people. Under the Aragonese monarchs the progress of the united province still continued, and Collioure, the See also:port of Perpignan, became a centre of Mediterranean See also:trade. But the See also:country was destined to pay the See also:penalty of its position on the frontiers of France and Spain in the See also:long struggle for ascendancy between these two See also:powers. By the treaty of See also:Corbeil (1258) Louis IX. surrendered the See also:sovereignty of Roussillon and the See also:ancient countship of Barcelona to Aragon, and from that time until the 17th See also:century the province ceased to belong to France. See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James I. of Aragon had wrested the Balearic Isles from the See also:Moors and See also:left them with Roussillon to his son James (1276), with the See also:title of king of See also:Majorca. The consequent disputes of this monarch with his See also:brother Pedro III. of Aragon were not lost sight of by See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip III. of France in his See also:quarrel with the latter about the See also:crown of the Two Sicilies. Philip espoused James's cause and led his See also:army into Spain, but retreating died at Perpignan in 1285. James then became reconciled to his brother, and in 1311 was succeeded by his son Sancho, who founded the See also:cathedral of Perpignan shortly before his death in 1324. His successor James II. refused to do See also:homage to Philip VI. of France for the seigniory of See also:Montpellier, and applied to Pedro IV. of Aragon for aid. Pedro not only refused it, but on various pretexts declared See also:war against him, and seized Majorca and Roussillon in 1344. The province was now again united to Aragon, and enjoyed peaceuntil 1462. In this See also:year the disputes between See also:John II. and his son about the crown of See also:Navarre gave Louis XI. of France an excuse to support John against his subjects, who had risen in revolt. Louis turned traitor, and the province having been pawned to him for 300,000 crowns, was occupied by the See also:French troops until 1493, when See also:Charles VIII. restored it to See also:Ferdinand and See also:Isabella. During the war between France and Spain (1496–98) the people suffered equally from the See also:Spanish garrisons and the French invaders. But dislike of the Spaniards was soon effaced in the See also:pride of sharing in the See also:glory of Charles V., and in 1542, when Perpignan was besieged by the dauphin, the Roussillonnais remained true to their See also:allegiance. After-wards the decay of Spain was France's opportunity, and on the revolt of the Catalans against the Castilians in 1641, Louis XIII. espoused the cause of the former, and the treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659 secured Roussillon to the French crown.
End of Article: ROUSSILLON
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