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See also:CYRIL (376-444) , See also:bishop of See also:Alexandria, a more distinguished
See also:father of the See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church than his namesake of See also:Jerusalem, was See also:born in 376, and died in 444. Becoming See also:patriarch of Alexandria about 412, he soon made himself known by the violence of his zeal against See also:Jews, pagans and heretics or supposed heretics alike. He had hardly entered upon his See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office when he closed all the churches of the Novatians and seized their ecclesiastical effects. He assailed the Jewish synagogues with an armed force, drove the Jews in thousands from the See also:city, and exposed their houses and See also:property to pillage. The See also:prefect of See also:Egypt, See also:Orestes, who endeavoured to withstand his furious zeal, was in turn denounced himself, and had difficulty in maintaining his ground against the fury of the See also:Christian multitude. It was during one of the violent commotions kindled by the strifes of these parties in Alexandria that the illustrious See also:Hypatia, famed for her beauty and her eloquent advocacy of the Neo-Platonic See also:philosophy in opposition to See also:Christianity, was murdered. Her See also:murder has been attributed to the See also:direct instigation of the patriarch himself; but this See also:charge is held to be baseless by others, although there can be no doubt that " the perpetrators were See also:officers of his church," and undoubtedly See also:drew encouragement from his own violent proceedings. Hypatia was a friend of Orestes, and the hostility that existed betwixt the prefect and the patriarch overflowed towards her, and undoubtedly led to her
destruction.
But Cyril's violence was not merely confined to those who
might be considered enemies of the church. He inherited from See also:Theophilus, his See also:uncle and predecessor in the see of Alexandria, a strong aversion to See also:John See also:Chrysostom, the See also:noble bishop of See also:Constantinople, and even after his See also:death opposed for a See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time all attempts to remove the unjust See also:sentence of condemnation which had been passed upon him. Afterwards he so far yielded to remonstrances as to allow the name of Chrysostom to appear in the See also:list of distinguished martyrs and bishops mentioned in the prayers of his church. These names were inserted in what were called " diptychs " (bir rnxa veKpwv), or two-leaved tablets preserved in the churches—a usage which the See also:Greek Church
has continued to this See also:day.
Cyril thus represents—though he differs largely from his
predecessors—the tendencies dominant at Alexandria in the 5th See also:century, and their antagonism to the Antiochene school. The See also:story of his opposition to See also:Nestorius at the See also:council of See also:Ephesus in 431 is told elsewhere (see NESTORIUS). He himself incurred the charge of See also:heresy from the See also:oriental bishops. Satisfied, however, with the deprivation and See also:- EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)
exile of his opponent, he returned to Alexandria in See also:triumph as the See also:great See also:champion of the faith, and thence continued, by the " unscrupulous use of all the means at his command," the theological strife for years. He was a See also:bitter opponent of the great Antiochene expositor and
apologist See also:Theodoret.
Altogether Cyril presents a See also:character not only unamiable,
but singularly deficient in the See also:graces of the Christian See also:life. His See also:style of See also:writing is as objectionable as his character and spirit. Yet he takes high See also:rank as a dogmatic theologian, and those who seek precise and rigid See also:definitions of orthodox belief conjoined with tenacity of conviction find him indispensable. In addition to his Twelve Anathematisms and the See also:defence of the same, he wrote five other books against Nestorius, Thesaurus—a See also:treatise in See also:dialogue See also:form on the Trinity, a See also:book On the Right Way and another On the Incarnation. In other fields—mystical, exegetical and apologetical—he was equally prolific and forceful. He wrote a See also:tract " On worshipping in spirit and in truth " to defend a spiritual See also:- INTERPRETATION (from Lat. interpretari, to expound, explain, inter pres, an agent, go-between, interpreter; inter, between, and the root pret-, possibly connected with that seen either in Greek 4 p4'ew, to speak, or irpa-rrecv, to do)
interpretation of the See also:Mosaic See also:law, several commentaries, festival-orations, and a reply to the See also:emperor See also:Julian's attack
-See also:CYRUS
on the church: His letters are valuable See also:sources to the student of the Nestorian controversy.
End of Article: CYRIL (376-444)
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