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See also:GRYPHIUS, ANDREAS (1616–1664) , See also:German lyric poet and dramatist, was See also:born on the r rth of See also:October 1616, at Grossglogau in See also:Silesia, where his See also:father was a clergyman. The See also:family name was Greif, latinized, according to the prevailing See also:fashion, as Gryphius. See also:Left See also:early an See also:orphan and driven from his native See also:town by the troubles of the See also:Thirty Years' See also:War, he received his schooling in various places, but notably at See also:Fraustadt, where he enjoyed an excellent classical See also:education. In 1634 he became See also:tutor to the sons of the eminent jurist Georg von Schonborn (1579–1637), a See also:man of wide culture and considerable See also:wealth, who, after filling various administrative posts and See also:writing many erudite volumes on See also:law, had been rewarded by the See also:emperor See also:Ferdinand II. with the See also:title and See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office of imperial See also:count-See also:palatine (Pfalzgraf). Schonborn, who recognized Gryphius's See also:genius, crowned him poeta laureatus, gave him the diploma of See also:master of See also:philosophy, and bestowed on him a patent of See also:nobility, though Gryphius never used the title. A See also:month later, on the 23rd of See also:December 1637, Schonborn died; and next See also:year Gryphius went to continue his studies at See also:Leiden, where he remained six years, both See also:hearing and delivering lectures. Here he See also:fell under the See also:influence of the See also:great Dutch dramatists, Pieter Cornelissen See also:Hooft (1581–1647) and Joost See also:van den See also:Vondel (1587–1679), who largely determined the See also:character of his later dramatic See also:works. After travelling in See also:France, See also:Italy and See also:South See also:Germany, Gryphius settled in 1647 at Fraustadt, where he began his dramatic See also:work, and in 165o was appointed See also:syndic of See also:Glogau, a See also:post he held until his See also:death on the 16th of See also:July 1664. A See also:short See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time previously he had been admitted under the title of " The Immortal " into the Fruchtbringende Gesellschaft, a See also:literary society, founded in 1617 by See also:Ludwig, See also:prince of See also:Anhalt-Kothen on the See also:model of the See also:Italian See also:academies.
Gryphius was a man of morbid disposition, and his See also:melancholy temperament, fostered by the misfortunes of his childhood, is largely reflected in his lyrics, of which the most famous are the
Kirchhofsgedanken (1656). His best works are his comedies, one of which, Absurda Comica, See also:oder Herr See also:- PETER
- PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
- PETER (PEDRO)
- PETER, EPISTLES OF
- PETER, ST
Peter Squentz (1663), is evidently based on the comic See also:episode of Pyramus and Thisbe in The Midsummer See also:Night's See also:Dream. See also:Die geliebte Dornrose (1660), which is written in a Silesian See also:dialect, contains many touches of natural simplicity and See also:- GRACE (Fr. grace, Lat. gratia, from grates, beloved, pleasing; formed from the root cra-, Gr. xav-, cf. xaipw, x6p,ua, Xapts)
- GRACE, WILLIAM GILBERT (1848– )
grace, and ranks high among the comparatively small number of German dramas of the 17th See also:century. Horribilicribrifax (1663), founded on the See also:Miles gloriosus of See also:Plautus, is a rather laboured attack on pedantry. Besides these three comedies, Gryphius wrote five tragedies. In all of them his tendency is to become See also:wild and bombastic, but he had the merit of at least attempting to work out artistically conceived plans, and there are occasional flashes both of See also:passion and of See also:imagination. His See also:models seem to have been See also:Seneca and Vondel. He had the courage, in Carolus Stuardus (1649) to See also:deal with events of his own See also:day; his other tragedies are See also:Leo Armenius (1646); Katharine von Georgien (1657), Cardenio and Celinde (16J7) and Papinianus (1663). No German dramatic writer before him had risen to so high a level, nor had he worthy successors until about the See also:middle of the 18th century.
A See also:complete edition of Gryphius's dramas and lyric See also:poetry has been published by H. See also:Palm in the See also:series of the See also:Stuttgart Literarische Verein (3 vols., 1878, 1882, 1884). Volumes of selected works will be found in W. See also:- MULLER, FERDINAND VON, BARON (1825–1896)
- MULLER, FRIEDRICH (1749-1825)
- MULLER, GEORGE (1805-1898)
- MULLER, JOHANNES PETER (18o1-1858)
- MULLER, JOHANNES VON (1752-1809)
- MULLER, JULIUS (18oi-1878)
- MULLER, KARL OTFRIED (1797-1840)
- MULLER, LUCIAN (1836-1898)
- MULLER, WILHELM (1794-1827)
- MULLER, WILLIAM JAMES (1812-1845)
Muller's Bibliothek der deutschen Dichter See also:des 17ten Jahrhunderts (1822) and in J. Tittmann's Deutsche Dichter des 17ten Jahrhunderts (187o). There is also a See also:good selection by H. Palm in Kurschner's Deutsche Nationalliteratur.
See 0, See also:Klopp, Andreas Gryphius als Dramatiker (1851); J. See also:Hermann, Uber Andreas Gryphius (1851); T. Wissowa, Beitrage zur Kenntnis von Andreas Gryphius' Leben and Schriften (1876) ; J. Wysocki, Andreas Gryphius et la tragedie See also:allemande au XVIIa siecle; and V. Mannheimer, Die Lyrik des Andreas Gryphius (1904).
End of Article: GRYPHIUS, ANDREAS (1616–1664)
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