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KISTNA (or KRISHNA)

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Originally appearing in Volume V15, Page 838 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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See also:

KISTNA (or See also:KRISHNA) , a See also:district of See also:British See also:India, in the N.E. of the See also:Madras See also:Presidency. See also:Masulipatam is the district See also:head-quarters. See also:Area, 8490 sq. m. The district is generally a See also:flat See also:country, but the interior is broken by a few See also:low hills, the highest being 1857 ft. above See also:sea-level. The See also:principal See also:rivers are the Kistna, which cuts the district into two portions, and the Munyeru, Paleru and Naguleru (tributaries of the Gundlakamma and the Kistna); the last only is navigable. The See also:Kolar See also:lake, which covers an area of 21 by 14 m., and the Romparu swamp are natural receptacles for the drainage on the See also:north and See also:south sides of the Kistna respectively. In 1901 the See also:population was 2,154,803, showing an increase of 16% in the See also:decade. Subsequently the area of the district was reduced by the formation of the new district of Guntur (q.v.), though Kistna received an See also:accretion of territory from See also:Godavari district. The population in 1901 on the area as reconstituted (5899 sq. m.) was 1,744,138. The Kistna See also:delta See also:system of See also:irrigation canals, which are available also for See also:navigation, connect with the Godavari system. The principal crops are See also:rice, millets, See also:pulse, oil-seeds, See also:cotton, See also:indigo, See also:tobacco and a little See also:sugar-See also:cane. There are several factories for ginning and pressing cotton.

The cigars known in See also:

England as Lunkas are partly made from tobacco grown on lankas or islands in the Kistna. The manufacture of chintzes at Masulipatam is a decaying See also:industry, but cotton is See also:woven everywhere for domestic use. See also:Salt is evaporated, under See also:government supervision, along the See also:coast. See also:Bezwada, at the head of the delta, is a See also:place of growing importance, as the central junction of the See also:East Coast railway system, which crosses the inland portion of the district in three directions. Some sea-See also:borne See also:trade, chiefly See also:coasting, is carried on at the open roadsteads of Masulipatam and Nizampatam, both in the delta. The See also:Church Missionary Society supports a See also:college at Masulipatam. The See also:early See also:history of Kistna is inseparable from that of the See also:northern Circars. Dharanikota and the adjacent See also:town of See also:Amravati were the seats of early See also:Hindu and Buddhist governments; and the more See also:modern See also:Rajahmundry owed its importance to later dynasties. The Chalukyas here gave place to the Cholas, who in turn were ousted by the Reddi See also:kings, who flourished during the 14th See also:century, and built the forts of Bellamkonda, Kondavi and Kondapalli in the north of the district, while the Gajapati See also:dynasty of See also:Orissa ruled in the north. Afterwards the entire district passed to the Kutb Shahis of See also:Golconda, until annexed to the See also:Mogul See also:empire by See also:Aurangzeb in 1687. Meantime the See also:English had in 16r r established a small factory at Masulipatam, where they traded with varying See also:fortune from 1759, when, 15 Masulipatam being captured from the See also:French by See also:Colonel See also:Forde, with a force sent by See also:Lord See also:Clive from See also:Calcutta, the See also:power of the English in the greater See also:part of the district was See also:complete.

End of Article: KISTNA (or KRISHNA)

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