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KS03

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Originally appearing in Volume V14, Page 111 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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KS03 N•NO .KS03~ N See also:

NH2~KSO +N,See also:H4. KO~ 11,, so. e- so. a a• eg t o- ~• o w00 3000 See also:Discharge - C.& per See also:min. , Tip See also:Speed . /00 ft. per sec. FIG. 213. . woo 60o0 P. J. Schestakov (J. ;Riess. Phys. Chem.

Sec_; 1905, 37, p. 1:) solid See also:

hydrocarbons, :all of high See also:industrial value. For details obtained See also:hydrazine by oxidizing See also:urea with sodiumhypochlorite reference should be made to the articles wherein the above in the presence of See also:benzaldehyde, which, by combining with the subjects are treated. From the chemical point of view the hydrazine, protected it from oxidation. F. Raschig (See also:German hydrocarbons are of fundamental importance, and, on See also:account Patent 108307, 1008) obtained See also:good yields by oxidizing See also:ammonia of their-See also:great number, and still greater number of derivatives, with See also:sodium hypochlorite in solutions made viscous with See also:glue. they are studied as a See also:separate See also:branch of the See also:science, namely, See also:Free hydrazine is a colourless liquid which boils at r 13.5° C., organic See also:chemistry: and solidifies about o° C. to colourless crystals; it is heavier See CHEMISTRY for an account of their See also:classification, &c. than See also:water, in which it dissolves with rise of temperature. It HYDROCELE (Gr. See also:Mop, water, and KriXti, See also:tumour), the is rapidly oxidized on exposure, is a strong reducing See also:agent, and medical See also:term for any collection of fluid other than pus or See also:blood reacts vigorously with the See also:halogens. Under certain conditions in the neighbourhood of the testis or See also:cord. The fluidis usually it may be oxidized to See also:azoimide (A. W.

See also:

Browne and F. F. serous Hydrocele may be congenital or arise in the See also:middle-aged Shetterly, J. Amer. C.S., 1908, p. By fractional distilla- without apparent cause, but it is usually associated with chronic tion of its aqueous See also:solution hydrazine See also:hydrate N2Hs•See also:H2O orchitis or with See also:tertiary syphilitic enlargements. Thehydrocele (or perhaps See also:H2N.NH2OH), a 'strong See also:base, is obtained, which appears as a rounded; fluctuating translucent swelling in the precipitates the metals from solutions of See also:copper and See also:silver scrotum, and when greatly distended causes a dragging See also:pain; salts at See also:ordinary temperatures. It dissociates completely in a Palliative treatment consists in tapping aseptically and removvacuum at 143°, and when heated under atmospheric pressure See also:ing the, fluid, the patient afterwards wearing a suspender; to 183° it decomposes into ammonia and See also:nitrogen (A. See also:Scott, The See also:condition frequently recurs and necessitates See also:radical J. Chem. See also:Soc., 1904, 85, p. 913). The sulphate N2H4•H2SO4, treatment.

Various substances may be injected; or the crystallizes in tables which are slightly soluble in See also:

cold water hydrocele is incised,' the tunica partly removed and the cavity and readily soluble in hot water; it is decomposed by See also:heating drained. ' above 250° C. with explosive See also:evolution of See also:gas and liberation of HYDROCEPHALUS (Gr. ii&ap, water, and Ke4aXii, See also:head), See also:sulphur. By the addition of See also:barium chloride to the sulphate, a a term applied to disease of the See also:brain which is attended solution of the hydrochloride is obtained, from which the with excessive effusion of fluid into its cavities. It exists crystallized See also:salt may be obtained on evaporation. in two forms—acute and chronic hydrocephalus. Acute hydro- Many organic derivatives of hydrazine are known, the most cephalus is another name for tuberculous See also:meningitis (see important being phenylhydrazine, which was discovered by Emil MENINGITIS). See also:Fischer in 1877. It can be best prepared by V. See also:Meyer and See also:Lecco's Chronic hydrocephalus, or " water on the brain," consists in method (See also:Bet., 1883, 16, p. 2976), which consists in reducing phenyl- an effusion' of fluid into the lateral ventricles of the brain. It diazonium chloride in concentrated";hydrochloric See also:acid, solution with is not preceded by tuberculous See also:deposit or acute inflammation, stannous chloride also dissolved in concentrated hydrochloric acid. Phenylhydrazine is liberated from the hydrochloride so obtained but depends' upon congenital malformation or upon chronic by adding sodium hydroxide, the solution being then extracted with inflammatory changes affecting the membranes. When the See also:ether, the ether distilled off, and the residual oil purified by distilla- disease is congenital, its presence in the foetus is-See also:apt to be a source non under reduced pressure.

Another method is due to E, See also:

Balm- of difficulty in parturition. It is however more commonly Berger. The diazonium chloride, bythe addition of an alkaliee See also:developed in' the first six months of See also:life; but it occasionally sulphite, is converted into a diazosulphonate, which is then reduced by See also:zinc dust and acetic acid to phenylhydrazine See also:potassium sulphite. arises in older See also:children, or even in adults. The See also:chief symptom This salt is then hydrolysed by heating it with hydrochloric arid— is the See also:gradual increase in See also:size of the upper See also:part of the head out of all propoftion to the See also:face or the See also:rest of the See also:body. Occurring at an See also:age when as yet the bones of the See also:skull have not become welded together, the enlargement may go on to an enormous extent, the spaces betweehthe bones becoming more and more See also:expanded.' In a well-marked•See also:case the deformity is very striking; the tippet part of the forehead projects abnormally, and the (see See also:ALDEHYDES, See also:KETONES and SUGARS). It is a strong reducing agent; it precipitates cuprous See also:oxide when heated ,with See also:Fehling's solution, nitrogen and See also:benzene being formed at the same ding—C,H5.NH•NH2+2CuO =Cu,O+Ns+H20+C6Hs. Byenergetic 'reductign of phenylhydrazine (e.g. by use of ziec dust and.hydrochloric acid), ammonia and See also:aniline are produced•-See also:C6H,N`I'l•NHs + 2H = C;H,NH, + NH,. It is also a most important synthetic reagent. I t combines with aceto-acetic ester to See also:form phenylmethylpyrazolone; from which See also:antipyrine (q.v.) may be obtained. Indoles (q.v.) are formed by heating certain hydrazones with anhydrous zinc chloride; while semicarbazides, pyrrols (q.v.) and many other types of organic compounds may be synthesized by the use of suitable phenylhydrazine derivatives.

End of Article: KS03

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