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government, and at Vilna Novosiltsev was then all-powerful. Lelewel was removed from his professorship in 1824, and returnedto Warsaw, where he was elected a See also:

DEPUTY (through the Fr. from a Late Lat. use of deputare, to cut off, allot; putare having the original sense of to trim, prune)

deputy to the See also:

DIET

diet in 1829. He joined the revolutionary See also:

MOVEMENT

movement with more enthusiasm than See also:

ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy, and though the See also:

EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

Nicholas I. distinguished him as one of the most dangerous rebels, did not appear to See also:

ADVANTAGE

advantage as a See also:

man of See also:

ACTION

action. On the suppression of the See also:

REBELLION

rebellion he made his way in disguise to See also:

Germany, and subsequently reached See also:

Paris in 1831. The government of See also:

Louis Philippe ordered him to quit See also:

French territory in 1833 at the See also:

REQUEST, LETTERS OF

request of the Russian See also:

AMBASSADOR (also EMBASSADOR, the form sometimes still used in America; from the Fr. ambassadeur, with which compare Ital. ambasciatore and Span. embajador, all variants of the Med. Lat. ambassiator, ambassiator, ambasator, &c., derived from Med. Lat. amba

ambassador. The cause of this See also:

EXPULSION (Lat. expulsio, from expellere)

expulsion is said to have been his activity in See also:

writing revolutionary proclamations.

He went to See also:

BRUSSELS (Fr. Bruxelles, Flem. Brussel)

Brussels, where for nearly See also:

THIRTY

thirty years he earned a scanty livelihood by his writings. He died on the 29th of May 1861 in Paris, whither he had removed a few days previously. Lelewel, a man of austere See also:

CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character, See also:

SIMPLE

simple tastes and the loftiest conception of See also:

HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour, was a See also:

LOVER, SAMUEL (1797-1868)

lover of learning for its own See also:

SAKE

sake. His See also:

LITERARY

literary activity was enormous, extending from his See also:

EDDA

Edda Skandinawska (1807) to his Geographie See also:

des Arabes (2 vols., Paris, 1851). One of his most important publications was La Geographic du moyen dge (5 vols., Brussels, 1852–1857), with an See also:

ATLAS

atlas (1849) of fifty plates entirely engraved by himself, for he rightly attached such importance to the accuracy of his maps that he would not allow them to be executed by any one else. His See also:

WORKS

works on Polish history are based on See also:

minute and See also:

CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

critical study of the documents; they were collected under the See also:

TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title Polska, dzieje i rzeczy jej rozpatrzywane (Poland, her History and Affairs surveyed), in 20 vols. (See also:

Posen, 1853–1876). He in-tended to write a See also:

COMPLETE

complete history of Poland on an extensive See also:

scale, but never accomplished the task. His method is shown in the little history of Poland, first published at Warsaw in Polish in 1823, under the title Dzieje Polski, and afterwards almost rewritten in the Histoire de Pologne (2 vols., Paris, 1844). Other works on Polish history which may be especially mentioned are La Pologne au moyen dge (3 vols., Posen, 1846–1851), an edition of the See also:

CHRONICLE (from Gr. Xpovos, time)

Chronicle of See also:

Matthew Cholewa' (1811) and See also:

Ancient Memorials of Polish Legislation (Ksiegi ustaw polskich i mazowieckich). He also wrote on the See also:

trade of See also:

Carthage, on See also:

PYTHEAS

Pytheas of See also:

MARSEILLES

Marseilles, the geographer, and two important works on See also:

numismatics (La Numismatique du moyen See also:

AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age, Paris, 2 vols., 1835; Etudes numisinatiques, Brussels, 1840). While employed in the university library of Warsaw he studied bibliography, and the fruits of his labours may be seen in his Bibliograficznych Ksiag dwoje (A Couple of Books on Bibliography) ( 2 vols., Vilna, 1823-1826).

The characteristics of Lelewel as an historian are great See also:

RESEARCH (O. Fr. recerche, from recercher, re- and cercer, mod. chercher, to search; Late Lat. circare, to go round in a circle, to explore)

research and See also:

POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power to draw inferences from his facts; his See also:

style is too often careless, and his narrative is not picturesque, but his expressions are frequently terse and incisive. He See also:

LEFT

left valuable materials for a just comprehension of his career in the autobiography (Adventures while Prosecuting Researches and Inquiries on Polish Matters) printed in his Polska.

End of Article: LELEWEL, JOACHIM (1786-1861)

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