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MAUPERTUIS, PIERRE LOUIS MOREAU DE (1...

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Originally appearing in Volume V17, Page 907 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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MAUPERTUIS, See also:PIERRE See also:LOUIS See also:MOREAU DE (1698–1759) , See also:French mathematician and astronomer, was See also:born at St Maio on the 17th of See also:July 1698. When twenty years of See also:age he entered the See also:army, becoming See also:lieutenant in a See also:regiment of See also:cavalry, and employing his leisure on mathematical studies. After five years he quitted the army and was admitted in 1723 a member of the See also:Academy of Sciences. In 1728 he visited See also:London, and was elected a See also:fellow of the Royal Society. In 1736 he acted as See also:chief of the expedition sent by Louis XV. into See also:Lapland to measure the length of a degree of the See also:meridian (see See also:EARTH, FIGURE OF), and on his return See also:home he became a member of almost all the scientific See also:societies of See also:Europe. In 1740 Maupertuis went to See also:Berlin on the invitation of the See also:king of See also:Prussia, and took See also:part in the See also:battle of Mollwitz, where he was taken prisoner by the Austrians. On his See also:release he returned to Berlin, and thence to See also:Paris, where he was elected director of the Academy of Sciences in 1742, and in the following See also:year was admitted into the Academy. Returning to Berlin in 1744, at the See also:desire of See also:Frederick II., he was chosen See also:president of the Royal Academy of Sciences in 1746. Finding his See also:health declining, he repaired in 1757 to the See also:south of See also:France, but went in 1758 to See also:Basel, where he died on the 27th of July 1759. Maupertuis was unquestionably a m ,n of consider-able ability as a mathematician, but his restless, gloomy disposition involved him in See also:constant quarrels, of which his controversies with See also:Konig and See also:Voltaire during the latter part of his See also:life furnish examples. The following are his most important See also:works: Sur la figure de la terre (Paris, 1738) ; Discours sur la parallaxe de la tune (Paris, 1741) ; Discours sur la figure See also:des astres (Paris, 1742) ; Elements de la geographie (Paris, 1742); Lettre sur la comae de 1742 (Paris, 1742); Astronomie nautique (Paris, 1745 and 1746) ; See also:Venus physique (Paris, 1745) ; Essai de cosmologie (See also:Amsterdam, 1750). His Euvres were published in 1752 at See also:Dresden and in 1756 at See also:Lyons.

End of Article: MAUPERTUIS, PIERRE LOUIS MOREAU DE (1698–1759)

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