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See also:MAYOW, See also:JOHN (1643-1679) , See also:English chemist and physiologist, was See also:born in See also:London in May 1643. At the See also:age of fifteen he went up to Wadham See also:College, See also:- OXFORD
- OXFORD, EARLS OF
- OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
- OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
- OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
- OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
- OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST
Oxford, of which he became a See also:scholar a See also:year later, and in 166o he was elected to a fellowship at All Souls. He graduated in See also:law (See also:bachelor, 1665, See also:doctor, 1670), but made See also:medicine his profession, and " became noted for his practice. therein, especially in the summer See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time, in the See also:city of See also:Bath." In 1678, on the proposal of R. See also:Hooke, he was chosen a See also:fellow of the Royal Society. The following year, after a See also:marriage which was " not altogether to his content," he died in London in See also:September 1679. He published at Oxford in 1668 two tracts, on respiration and See also:rickets, and in 1674 these were reprinted, the former in an enlarged and corrected See also:form, with three others " De sal-nitro et spiritu nitro-aereo," " De respiratione foetus in
utero et ovo," and " De motu musculari et spiritibus animalibus as Tractatus quinque medico-physici. The contents of this See also:work, which was several times republished and translated into Dutch, See also:German and See also:French, show him to have been an investigator much in advance of his time.
Accepting as proved by See also:Boyle's experiments that See also:air is necessary for See also:combustion, he showed that See also:fire is supported not by the air as a whole but by a " more active and subtle See also:part of it." This part he called spiritus igneo-aereus, or sometimes nitro-aereus; for he identified it with one of the constituents of the See also:acid portion of See also:nitre which he regarded as formed by the See also:union of fixed See also:alkali with a spiritus acidus. In combustion the particulae nitro-aereae—either pre-existent in the thing consumed or supplied by the air—combined with the material burnt; as he inferred from his observation that See also:antimony, strongly heated with a burning See also:glass, undergoes an increase of See also:weight which can be attributed to nothing else but these particles. In respiration he argued that the same particles are consumed, because he found that when a small See also:animal and a lighted See also:candle were placed in a closed See also:vessel full of air the candle first went out and soon afterwards the animal died, but if there was no candle See also:present it lived twice as See also:long. He concluded that this constituent of the air is absolutely necessary. for See also:life, and supposed that the lungs See also:separate it from the See also:atmosphere and pass it into the See also:blood. It is also necessary, he inferred, for all See also:muscular movements, and he thought there was See also:reason to believe that the sudden contraction of muscle is produced by its See also:combination with other combustible (salino-sulphureous) particles in the See also:body; hence the See also:heart, being a muscle, ceases to See also:beat when respiration is stopped. Animal See also:heat also is due to the union of nitro-aerial particles, breathed in from the air, with the combustible particles in the blood, and is further formed by the combination of these two sets of particles in muscle during violent exertion. In effect, therefore, Mayow—who also gives a remarkably correct anatomical description of the mechanism of respiration—preceded See also:Priestley and See also:Lavoisier by a See also:century in recognizing the existence of See also:oxygen, under the See also:guise of his spiritus nitro-aereus, as a separate entity distinct from the See also:general See also:mass of the air; he perceived the part it plays in combustion and in increasing the weight of the calces of metals as compared with metals themselves; and, rejecting the See also:common notions of his time that the use of breathing is to cool the heart, or assist the passage of the blood from the right to the See also:left See also:side of the heart, or merely to agitate it, he saw in See also:inspiration a mechanism for introducing oxygen into the body, where it is consumed for the See also:production of heat and muscular activity, and even vaguely conceived of expiration as an excretory See also:process.
End of Article: MAYOW, JOHN (1643-1679)
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