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NICTHEROY, or NITEROY

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Originally appearing in Volume V19, Page 666 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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NICTHEROY, or NITEROY , a See also:city of See also:Brazil and See also:capital of the See also:state of Rio de Janeiro, on the E. See also:shore of the See also:Bay of Rio de Janeiro, opposite the city of that Lame. Pop. (189o) 34,269, (1900 estimate) 35,000. A railway connects the city with the interior—the old See also:Cantagallo See also:line, now a See also:part of the Leopoldina See also:system, a See also:branch of which runs See also:north-eastward to Macahe, on the See also:coast, and another northward from Nova Friburgo to a junction with the railway lines of See also:Minas Geraes. Nictheroy is practically a residential suburb of Rio de Janeiro. It occupies, in See also:great part, the See also:low alluvial See also:plain that skirts the shores of the bay and fills the valleys between numerous low wooded hills. The site is shut off from the See also:sea coast by a range of high rugged mountains. The shore line of the bay is broken by large, deeply indented bays (that of Jurujuba being nearly surrounded by wooded hills), shallow curves and See also:sharp promontories. Within these bays are beaches of See also:white See also:sand, called praias, such as the Praia da Icarahy, Praia das Flechas and Praia Grande, upon which See also:face low See also:tile-covered residences surrounded with gardens. The city consists of a number of these partially separated districts—Praia Grande, Sao Domingos, Icarahy, Jurujuba, See also:Santa See also:Rosa, Sao Lourengo, Ponta d'Areia and Barreto—all together covering 8 or 9 M. of the shore. An electric See also:street railway connects all the outlying districts with the See also:ferry stations of Praia Grande and Sao Domingos. The city is characteristically Portuguese in the construction and See also:style of its buildings—low, heavy walls of broken See also:stone and See also:mortar, plastered and coloured outside, with an occasional facing of glazed See also:Lisbon tiles, and covered with red tiles.

Among the public buildings are several churchesand hospitals (including the Jurujuba yellow-See also:

fever See also:hospital and the Barreto See also:isolation hospital), the See also:government See also:palace, a municipal See also:theatre and a large Salesian See also:college situated in the suburbs of Santa Rosa on an See also:eminence overlooking the See also:lower bay. Several large islands fill the upper bay near the eastern shore; some are used as See also:coal deposits for the great steamship companies, and one (See also:Flores) is used as an immigrants' See also:depot. There is a small, rocky and picturesque See also:island nearer the See also:harbour entrance, which is crowned by a small See also:chapel, dedicated to Nossa Senhora da See also:Boa Viagem. Manufactures include See also:cotton and woollen fabrics, See also:tobacco, See also:spirits, See also:soap and tiles. The first See also:settlement on the See also:east See also:side of the Bay of Rio de Janeiro See also:dates from 1671, when a chapel was erected at Praia Grande, in the vicinity of an See also:Indian See also:village. The settlement did not become a village until 1819, when it was named See also:Villa Real da Praia Grande. In 1834 the city and municipal See also:district of Rio de Janeiro was separated from the See also:province, and Praia Grande became the capital of the latter in the following See also:year. In 1836 it was raised to the dignity of a city and received the appropriate name of Nictheroy, from the Indian name Nyteroi, " hidden See also:water." In the See also:naval revolt of 1893–94 the older districts of the city suffered much damage from desultory bombardments, but the insurgents were too few to take See also:possession. Soon afterwards the seat of government was removed to See also:Petropolis, where it remained until 1903, when Nictheroy again became the capital of the state.

End of Article: NICTHEROY, or NITEROY

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