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OETE

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Originally appearing in Volume V16, Page 879 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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OETE See also:

art roX.O1 EQOVT at 7r[pWTOL &TXaTOL Kai of EO,1'arot TpWTOt Kai L. . atv. Xi-yet 'I'n(OOO)S' [See also:rap TO µr/ Ep7rpoa-0ev T1)S & PEWS OOV Kai [TO KEKpUp/AEVOV &T0 OOV O.7rosaXv4,(5)io-er[ai cot. ob yap ia-T0, Kpv7rTOV O Oil L4ave[pbv yEV1)OET at Kati TEBapplvov O 0[1K E'}'EpOi/OET at. (5) [E5] ETai-oUOLv a&TOv o[l µa0rirai abroh See also:seal [AE]yOUOLY 'See also:Iran V7)0-TE6[OO/1EV Kal 7rWS... [ ... ] pEOa Kai 7rWS [ . . . [ ...dal ri 7apargp40[oµev.. . [... Is ; Xi7et 'I'n(OOO)S ' [... _ L. . .

]ELTaL µ7l 7rOELT[E... [—Ins aX-n0siat av[.. . [ ...11, a[7r]OKEKp[U . . [...µa] Kapt[Os] Eo-rty [... [..]W EOT[L ... [...]LP[... 1. " Jesus saith, Let not him who seeks . . . cease until he finds and when he finds he shall be astonished; astonished he shall reach the See also:

kingdom and having reached the kingdom he shall See also:rest." 2. " Jesus saith (ye ask? who are those) that draw us (to the kingdom if) the kingdom is in See also:Heaven? . . . the fowls of the See also:air and all beasts that are under the See also:earth or upon the earth and the fishes of the See also:sea (these are they which draw) you and the kingdom of Heaven is within you and whosoever shall know himself shall find it.

(Strive therefore?) to know yourselves and ye shall beaware that ye are the sons of the (Almighty?) See also:

Father; (and?) ye shall know that ye are in (the See also:city of See also:God?) and ye are (the city?)." 3. " Jesus saith, A See also:man shall not hesitate . . to ask concerning his See also:place (in the kingdom. Ye shall know) that many that are first shall be last and the last first and (they shall have eternal See also:life?)." 4. " Jesus saith, Everything that is not before thy See also:face and that which is hidden from thee shall be revealed to thee. For there is nothing hidden which shall not be made See also:manifest nor buried which shall not be raised. 5. " His disciples question him and say, How shall we fast and how shall we (pray?) . and what (commandment) shall we keep . . . Jesus saith . . . do not . . . of truth .

. . blessed is he . . . The fragment of a lost See also:

Gospel which was discovered in 1go3 contained originally about fifty lines, but many of them have perished and others are undecipherable. The See also:translation, as far as it can be made out, is as follows: 1-7. " (Take no thought) from See also:morning until even nor from evening until morning either for your See also:food what ye shall eat or for your raiment what ye shall put on. 7-13. Ye are far better than the lilies which grow but spin not. Having one garment what do ye (lack)?.. . 13-i5. Who could add to your stature? 15-16. He himself will give you your garment.

17-23. His disciples say unto him, When wilt See also:

thou be manifest unto us and when shall we see thee? He saith, When ye shall be stripped and not be ashamed . . . 41-46. He (4) said, The See also:key of knowledge ye hid: ye entered not in yourselves, and to them that were entering in, ye opened not." The second Gospel fragment discovered in 1907 " consists of a single vellum See also:leaf, practically See also:complete except at one of the See also:lower corners and here most of the lacunae admit of a satisfactory See also:solution." The translation is as follows: . . before he does wrong makes all manner of subtle excuse. But give heed lest ye also suffer the same things as they: for the evil doers among men receive their See also:reward not among the living only, but also await See also:punishment and much torment. And he took them and brought them into the very place of See also:purification and was walking in the See also:temple. And a certain Pharisee, a See also:chief See also:priest, whose name was See also:Levi, met them and said to the Saviour, Who gave thee leave to walk in this place of purification, and to see these See also:holy vessels when thou hast not washed nor yet have thy disciples bathed their feet? But defiled thou hest walked in this temple, which is a pure place, wherein no other man walks except he has washed himself and changed his garments neither does he venture to see these holy vessels. And the Saviour straightway stood still with his disciples and answered him, Art thou then, being here in the temple, clean?

He saith unto him, I am clean; for I washed in the See also:

pool of See also:David and having descended by one See also:staircase, I ascended by another and I put on See also:white and clean garments, and then I came and looked upon these holy vessels. The Saviour answered and said unto him, Woe ye See also:blind, who see not. Thou hast washed in these See also:running See also:waters wherein See also:dogs and See also:swine have been See also:cast See also:night and See also:day and hast cleansed and wiped the outside skin which also the harlots and See also:flute-girls anoint and See also:wash and wipe and beautify for the lust of men; but within they are full of scorpions and all wickedness. But I 'and my disciples who thou sayest have not bathed have been dipped in the waters of eternal life which come from. . . . But woe unto.thee. . . . These documents have naturally excited considerable See also:interest and raised many questions. The papyri of the sayings " date from the 3rd See also:century and most scholars. agree that the "sayings" themselves go back to the 2nd. The See also:year A.n.14o is generally assigned as the See also:terminus ad quem. .The problem as to their origin has been keenly discussed. There are two See also:main types of theory.

(r) Some suppose that they are excerpts from an uncanonical Gospel. (2) Others think that they represent an See also:

independent and See also:original collection of sayings. The first theory has assumed three main forms. (a) See also:Harnack maintains that they were taken from the Gospel according to the Egyptians. This theory, however, is based upon a hypothetical reconstruction of the Gospel in question which has found very few supporters. (b) Others have advocated the Gospel of the See also:Hebrews as the source of the " sayings," on, the ground of the resemblance between the first "saying" of the 1903 See also:series and a well-authenticated fragment of that Gospel. The resemblance, however, is not sufficiently clear to support the conclusion. (c) A third view supposes that they are extracts from the Gospel of See also:Thomas—an apocryphal Gospel dealing with the boyhood of Jesus. Beyond the allusion to Thomas in the See also:introductory See also:paragraph to the 1903 series, there seems to be no tangible See also:evidence in support of this view. The second theory, which maintains that the papyri represent an independent collection of " sayings," seems to be the See also:opinion which has found greatest favour. It has won the support of W. Sanday, H.

B. Swete, Rendel See also:

Harris, W. See also:Lock, Heinrich &c. There is a considerable diversity of See also:judgment, however, with regard to the value of the collection. (a) Some scholars maintain that the collection goes back to the 1st century and represents one of the earliest attempts to construct an See also:account of the teaching of Jesus. They are therefore disposed to admit to a greater or less extent and with widely varying degrees of confidence the presence of genuine elements in the new See also:matter. (b) Sanday and many others regard the sayings as originating See also:early in the 2nd century and think that, though not " directly dependent on the Canonical Gospels," they have " their origin under conditions of thought which these Gospels had created." The " sayings " must be regarded as expansions of the true tradition, and little value is .therefore to be attached to the new material. With the knowledge at our disposal, it is impossible to reach an See also:assur%tl conclusion between these two views. The real problem, to which at See also:present no solution has been found, is to account for the new material in the " sayings." There seems to be no See also:motive sufficient to explain the additions that have been made to the See also:text of the Gospels. It cannot be proved that the expansions have879 been made in the interests of any See also:sect or See also:heresy. Unless new discoveries provide the See also:clue, or some reasonable explanation can otherwise be found, there seems to be no See also:reason why we should not regard the " sayings " as containing material which ought to be taken into account in the See also:critical study of the teaching of Jesus. The 1903 Gospel fragment is so mutilated in many of its parts that it is difficult to decide upon its See also:character and value.

It appears to be earlier than 150, and to be taken from a Gospel which followed more or less closely the version of the teaching of Jesus given by See also:

Matthew and See also:Luke. The phrase " when ye shall be stripped and not be ashamed " contains an See also:idea which has some See also:affinity with two passages found respectively in the Gospel according to the Egyptians and the so-called Second See also:Epistle of See also:Clement. The resemblance, however, is not sufficiently See also:close to See also:warrant the See also:deduction that either the Gospel of the Egyptians or the Gospel from which the See also:citation in 2 Clement is taken (if these two are distinct) is the source from which our fragment is derived. The second Gospel fragment (1907) seems to be of later origin than the documents already mentioned. Grenfell and See also:Hunt date the Gospel, from which it is an excerpt, about 200. There is considerable difficulty with regard to some of the details. The statement that an See also:ordinary See also:Jew was required to wash and See also:change his clothes before visiting the inner See also:court of the temple is quite unsupported by any other evidence. Nothing is known about " the place of purification " (ayvevrilplov) nor " the pool of David " (Xii.wq roi Dauelb). Nor does the statement that "the sacred vessels" were visible from the place where Jesus was See also:standing seem at all probable. Grenfell and Hunt conclude therefore—" So See also:great indeed are the divergences between this account and the extant and no doubt well-informed authorities with regard to the See also:topography and See also:ritual of the Temple that it is hardly possible to avoid the conclusion that much of the See also:local See also:colour is due to the See also:imagination of the author who was aiming chiefly at dramatic effect and was not really well acquainted with the Temple. But if the inaccuracy of the fragment in this important respect is admitted the See also:historical character of the whole See also:episode breaks down and it is probably to be regarded as an apocryphal elaboration of Matt. xv. 1-20 and See also:Mark vii.

1-23." See the Oxyrhynchus Papyri, See also:

part i. (1897), part iv. (1904), part v. (1908). (H. T.

End of Article: OETE

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