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See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
ORDER IN See also:COUNCIL , in See also:Great See also:Britain, an order issued by the See also:sovereign on the See also:advice of the privy council, or more usually on the advice of a few selected members thereof. It is the See also:modern See also:equivalent of the See also:medieval See also:ordinance and of the See also:proclamation so frequently used by the Tudor and See also:- STEWART, ALEXANDER TURNEY (1803-1876)
- STEWART, BALFOUR (1828-1887)
- STEWART, CHARLES (1778–1869)
- STEWART, DUGALD (1753-1828)
- STEWART, J
- STEWART, JOHN (1749—1822)
- STEWART, JULIUS L
- STEWART, SIR DONALD MARTIN (1824–19o0)
- STEWART, SIR HERBERT (1843—1885)
- STEWART, SIR WILLIAM (c. 1540—c. 1605)
- STEWART, STUART
- STEWART, WILLIAM (c. 1480-c. 1550)
Stewart sovereigns. It is opposed to the See also:statute because it does not require the See also:sanction of See also:parliament; it is issued by the sovereign by virtue of the royal See also:prerogative. But although theoretically orders in council are thus See also:independent of See also:parliamentary authority, in practice they are only issued on the advice of ministers of the See also:crown, who are, of course, responsible to parliament for their See also:action in the See also:matter. Orders in council were first issued during the 18th See also:century, and their legality has sometimes been called in question, the fear being evidently prevalent that they would be used, like the earlier ordinances and proclamations, to alter the See also:law. Consequently in several cases parliament has subsequently passed acts of See also:indemnity to protect the persons responsible for issuing them, and incidentally to assert its own authority. At the See also:present See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time the principle seems generally accepted that orders in council may be issued on the strength of the royal prerogative, but they must not seriously alter the law of the See also:land.
The most celebrated instance of the use of orders in council was in 1807 when Great Britain was at See also:war with See also:France. In See also:answer to See also:Napoleon's See also:Berlin See also:decree, the See also:object of which was to destroy the See also:British See also:shipping See also:industry, See also:George III. and his ministers issued orders in council forbidding all vessels under See also:penalty of seizure to See also:trade with ports under the See also:influence of France. Supplementary orders were issued later in the same See also:year, and also in 18o8. Orders in council are used to regulate the matters which need immediate See also:attention on the See also:death of one sovereign and the See also:accession of another.
In addition to these and other orders issued by the sovereign by virtue of his prerogative, there is another class of orders in council, viz. those issued by the authority of an See also:act of parliament, many of which provide thus for carrying out their provisions. At the present See also:day orders in council are extensively used by the various administrative departments of the See also:government, who act on the strength of See also:powers conferred upon them by some act of parliament. They are largely used for regulating the details of See also:local government and matters concerning the See also:navy and the See also:army, while a new bishopric is sometimes founded by an order in council. They are also employed to regulate the affairs of the crown colonies, and the See also:lord-See also:lieutenant of See also:Ireland, the See also:viceroy of See also:India, the See also:governor-See also:general of See also:Canada, and other representatives of the sovereign may issue orders in council under certain conditions.
In times of emergency the use of orders in council is indispensable to the executive. In See also:September 1766, a See also:famine being feared, the export of See also:wheat was forbidden by an order in council, and the Regulation of the Forces Act 1871 empowers the government in a time of emergency to take See also:possession of the railway See also:system of the See also:country by the issue of such an order.
End of Article: ORDER IN COUNCIL
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