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RANAVALO (RANAVALONA) III
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See also:RANAVALO (RANAVALONA) III . (1864– ), the last See also:queen of See also:Madagascar, See also:born in 1864, was a See also:great-niece of Radama I. Her name originally was Razafindrahety, but on succeeding to the See also:throne of Madagascar after the See also:death of Queen Ranavalo II., on the 14th of See also:July 1883, she assumed the See also:style of Ranavalo III. Although nominally queen, she took no See also:share in the See also:government, which her See also:prime See also:minister, Rainilaiarivony, had controlled since 1864. After placing her on the throne, he married her before the See also:close of the See also:year. Ranavalo became queen just after the See also:French had revived their claim to a See also:protectorate over the See also:island. The See also:Hova government refusing to admit the claim, See also:war See also:broke out, and several See also:sharp engagements took See also:place. The French bombarded the See also:coast towns, but were unable to reach the interior of the island, where the strength of the Hova See also:lay. In See also:December 1885 a treaty was concluded by which it was agreed that the government of the French See also:Republic should represent Madagascar in all See also:foreign relations, but that in See also:internal matters the Hova government should be See also:independent, as formerly. During the next ten years French See also:influence was quietly extended over the island, in spite of the efforts of Rainilaiarivony, who pursued an See also:anti-French policy, encouraging See also:English and See also:American planters and traders. In 1894 See also:differences on commercial and territorial questions arose between the Hova government and the French, which terminated in war. In 1895 a well-organized expedition was despatched from See also:France to subjugate the island. Many of the inhabitants sympathized with the invaders, and even the Hova themselves were divided. Al-though Ranavalo endeavoured to arouse a See also:martial spirit in her subjects, the French advanced on the See also:capital without encountering any effective opposition. On the 3oth of See also:September they captured See also:Antananarivo. Rainilaiarivony was sent into See also:exile, where he died in the following year; but Ranavalo was suffered to remain as nominal See also:head of the government, under a strict French protectorate. In See also:August 1896, to avoid commercial difficulties with foreign See also:powers, the island was declared a French See also:colony; but no See also:change was made in the internal See also:administration. Later in the year, however, the See also:civil See also:governor was replaced by a military See also:resident, See also:General See also:Gallieni. A formidable insurrection broke out, which Gallieni suppressed, executing or exiling several prominent members of the Hova administration. Finding that the See also:court had been a centre of intrigue, he abolished the See also:sovereignty by See also:proclamation in See also:February 1897, and exiled Ranavalo to See also:Reunion. In See also: Additional information and CommentsThere are no comments yet for this article.
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