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RUMI, (1207-1273)
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See also:RUMI, (1207-1273) . Mahommed b. Mahommed b. Husain albalkhi, better known as Maulana Jalal-uddin Rumi (or simply Jalal-uddin, or Jelal-eddin), the greatest Sific poet of See also:Persia, was See also:born on the 3oth of See also:September 1207 (604 A.H. 6th of Rabi' I.) at See also:Balkh, in See also:Khorasan, where his See also:family had resided from See also:time immemorial. He claimed descent from the See also:caliph Abubekr,and from the Khwarizm-Shah See also:Sultan 'See also:Ala-uddin b. Tukush (1199-1220), whose only daughter, Malika-i-Jahan, had been married to Jalal-uddin's grandfather. Her son, Mahommed, commonly called Baha-uddin Walad, was famous for his learning and piety, but being afraid of the sultan's See also:jealousy, he emigrated to See also:Asia See also:Minor in 1212. After residing for some time at See also:Malatia and afterwards at See also:Erzingan in See also:Armenia, Bahauddin was called to Laranda in Asia Minor, as See also:principal of the See also:local See also:college. Here See also:young Jalal-uddin See also:grew up, and in 1226 married Jauhar Khatun, the daughter of Lala Sharaf-uddin of See also:Samarkand. Finally, Baha-uddin was invited to See also:Iconium by `Ala-uddin Kaikubad (1219-1236), the sultan of Asia Minor; or, as it is commonly called in the See also:East, See also:Rum—whence Jalaluddin's surname (takhallus) Rumi. After Baha-uddin's See also:death in 1231, Jalal-uddin went to See also:Aleppo and See also:Damascus for a See also:short time to study, but, dissatisfied with the exact sciences, he returned to Iconium, where he became by and by See also:professor of four See also:separate colleges, and devoted himself to the study of mystic See also:theosophy. His first spiritual instructor was Sayyid Burhan-uddin Husa.ini of Tirmidh, one of his See also:father's disciples, and, later on, the wandering Sufi Shams-uddin of See also:Tabriz, who soon acquired a most powerful See also:influence over Jalal-uddin. Shams-uddin's aggressive See also:character roused the See also:people of Iconium against him, and during a See also:riot in which Jalal-uddin's eldest son, `Ala-uddin, was killed, he was arrested and probably executed; at least he was no more seen. In remembrance of these victims of popular wrath Jalal-uddin founded the See also:order of the Maulawi (in See also:Turkish Mevlevi) dervishes, famous for their piety as well as for their See also:peculiar garb of See also:mourning, their See also:music and their mystic See also:dance (sama), which is the outward See also:representation of the circling See also:movement of the See also:spheres, and the inward See also:symbol of the circling movement of the soul caused by the vibrations of a Sufi's fervent love to See also:God. The See also:establishment of this order, which still possesses numerous cloisters throughout the Turkish See also:empire, and the leadership of which has been kept in Jalaluddin's family in Iconium uninterruptedly for the last six See also:hundred years, gave a new stimulus to his zeal and poetical See also:inspiration. Most of his matchless odes were composed in See also:honour of the Maulawl dervishes, and even his See also:opus magnum, the Mathnawi (Mesnevi), or, as it is usually called, The Spiritual Mathnawi (mathnawi-i-ma'nawi), in six books or daftars, with 30,000 to 40,000 See also:double-rhymed verses, can be traced to the same source. The See also:idea of this immense collection of ethical and moral precepts was first suggested to the poet by his favourite See also:disciple See also:Hasan, better known as Husam-uddin, who in 1258 became Jalal-uddin's See also:chief assistant. Jalal-uddin dictated to him, with a short interruption, the whole See also:work during the remaining years of his See also:life. Soon after its completion Jalal-uddin died, on the 17th of See also:December 1273 (672 A.H. 5th of Jomada II.). His first successor in the rectorship of the Maulawl fraternity was Husam-uddin himself, after whose death in 1284 Jalal-uddin's younger and only surviving son, Shaikh Bahaudd-in Ahmed, commonly called Sultan Walad, and favourably known as author of the mystical mathnawi Rabdbnama, or the See also:Book of the See also:Guitar (died 1312), was duly installed as See also:grand-See also:master of the order. Jalal-uddin's life is fully described in Shams-uddin Ahmed Aflaki's Manakib-ul 'See also:Coif in (written between A.D. 1318 and 1353), the most important portions of which have been translated by J. W. Redhouse in the See also:preface to his See also:English metrical version of The Mesnevi, Book the First (See also:London, 1881); there is also an abridged See also:translation of the Mathnawi, with introduction on Sufism, by E. H. Whinfield (2nd ed., 1898). See also:Complete See also:editions have been printed in Bombay, See also:Lucknow, Tabriz, See also:Constantinople and in Bulaq (with a Turkish translation, 1268 A.H.), at the end of which a seventh See also:daf See also:tar is added, the genuineness of which is refuted by a remark of Jalaluddin himself in one of the Bodleian copies of the poem, See also:Ouseley, 294 (f. 328a seq.). A revised edition was made by 'Abd-ullatif between 1024 and 1032 A.H., and the same author's commentary on the Mathnawi, Lata'if-ulma'naw-i, and his glossary, Lata'if-allughat, have been lithographed in See also:Cawnpore (1876) and Lucknow (1877) respectively, the latter under the See also:title Farhang-i-mathnawl. For the other numerous commentaries and for further See also:biographical and See also:literary particulars of Jalal-uddin, see See also:Rieu's See also:Cat. of the See also:Persian See also:MSS of the Brit. See also:Mus., vol. ii. p. 584 seq. ; A. See also:Sprenger's Oudh Cat., p. 489 ; See also:Sir See also:Gore Ouseley, Notices o Persian Poets, p. 112 seq. ; H. Eth6, in Morgenlandische Studien (See also:Leipzig, 1870), p. 95 seq., and in Geiger and See also:Kuhn's Grundriss der iranischen Philologie (See also:Stuttgart, 1896-1904), vol. ii. pp. 287-292. Selections from Jalal-uddin's diwan (often styled Dtwan-i-Shams-i-Tabriz) are translated in See also:German See also:verse by V. von Rosenzweig (See also:Vienna, 1838); into English by R. A. See also:Nicholson (2nd ed., 1898) and W. Hastie (1903). (H. Additional information and CommentsThere are no comments yet for this article.
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