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SATARA

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Originally appearing in Volume V24, Page 227 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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SATARA , a See also:

TOWN

town and See also:

DISTRICT

district of See also:

BRITISH

British See also:

India, in the Central See also:

DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division of Bombay. The name is derived from the " seventeen " walls, towers and See also:

GATES, HORATIO (1728-1806)

gates which the fort was supposed to possess. The town is 2320 ft. above See also:

sea-level, near the confluence of the See also:

rivers See also:

Kistna and Vena, 56 m. S. of See also:

POONA, or PUNA

Poona. Pop. (1901) 26,022. The DISTRICT OF SATARA has an See also:

AREA

area of 4825 sq. m. It contains two See also:

hill systems, the See also:

SAHYADRI

Sahyadri, or See also:

main range of the Western See also:

GHATS, or GHAUTS (literally " the Landing Stairs " from the sea, or " Passes ")

Ghats, and the Mahadeo range and its offshoots. The former runs through the district from See also:

north to See also:

south, while the Mahadeo range starts about ro m. north of See also:

MAHABALESHWAR, or MALCOLMPETH

Mahabaleshwar and stretches See also:

east and south-east across the whole breadth of the district. The Mahadeo hills are bold, presenting See also:

BARE

bare scarps of See also:

black See also:

rock like fortresses. Within Satara are two See also:

RIVER

river systems—the See also:

BHIMA (Sanskrit, " The Terrible ")

Bhima See also:

SYSTEM

system in a small See also:

PART

part of the north and north-east, and the Kistna system throughout the See also:

REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of the district. The hill forests have a large See also:

STORE (from O. Fr. estor or estoire, Late Lat. staurum or instaurum, stock, provisions, supply, from the late use of instaurare, to provide, properly to construct, renew, restore)

store of See also:

TIMBER

timber and firewood.

The whole of Satara falls within the See also:

DECCAN (Sans. Dakshina, " the South ")

Deccan See also:

TRAP (0. Eng. treppe or traepee, properly a step, as that or which an animal places its foot and is caught, cf. Ger. Treppe flight of stairs)

trap area; the hills consist of trap intersected by strata of See also:

BASALT

basalt and topped with See also:

LATERITE (Lat. later, a brick)

laterite, while, of the different soils on the plains, the commonest is the black loamy See also:

clay containing carbonate of See also:

lime. This when well watered is capable of yielding heavy See also:

CORPS (pronounced as in French, from which it is taken, being a late spelling of tors, from Lat. corpus, a body; cf. " corpse ")

corps. Satara contains some important See also:

IRRIGATION (Lat. in, and rigare, to water or wet)

irrigation See also:

WORKS

works, including the Kistna See also:

canal. In some of the western parts of the district the See also:

AVERAGE

average See also:

ANNUAL

annual rainfall exceeds 200 in.; but on the eastern See also:

side See also:

WATER

water is scanty, the rainfall varying from 40 in. in Satara town to less than 12 in. in some places farther east. The See also:

POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population in 1901 was 1,14,559, showing a decrease of 6% in the preceding See also:

DECADE (from Gr. Oka, ten)

decade. The See also:

PRINCIPAL

principal crops are See also:

millet, See also:

PULSE

pulse, oil-seeds and See also:

SUGAR

sugar-See also:

CANE

cane. The only manufactures are See also:

cotton See also:

CLOTH

cloth, blankets and See also:

brass-See also:

WARE

ware. The district is traversed from north to south by the See also:

SOUTHERN

Southern Mahratta railway, passing 10 m. from Satara town. The Satara agency comprises the two feudatory states of See also:

PHALTAN

Phaltan and See also:

AUNDH

Aundh. See also:

TOTAL

Total area 844 sq.m.; pop. (1901) 109,660. On the overthrow of the Jadhav See also:

DYNASTY (Gr. &vvaareta, sovereignty, the position of a hevnori7r, lord, ruler, from SuvaaBay to be able, Suvaµas, power)

dynasty in 1312 the district passed to the See also:

MAHOMMEDAN

Mahommedan See also:

POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power, which was consolidated in the reign of the Bahmani See also:

KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

On the decline of the Bahmanis towards the end of the 15th See also:

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century the See also:

BIJAPUR

Bijapur kings finally asserted themselves, and under these kings the See also:

MAHRATTAS

Mahrattas arose and laid the See also:

FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation of an See also:

INDEPENDENT

independent See also:

KINGDOM

kingdom with Satara as its See also:

capital. Intrigues and dissensions in the See also:

PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace led to the ascendancy of the Peshwas, who removed the capital to Poona in 1749, and degraded the See also:

RAJA

raja of Satara into the position of a See also:

POLITICAL

political prisoner. The See also:

war of 1817 closed the career of the peshwas, and the British then restored the titular raja, and assigned to him the principality of Satara, with an area much larger than the See also:

PRESENT

present district. In consequence of political intrigues, he was deposed in 1839, and his See also:

BROTHER

brother was placed on the See also:

THRONE

throne. This See also:

prince dying without male heirs in 1848, the See also:

state was resumed by the British See also:

End of Article: SATARA

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