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SEMINEAE

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Originally appearing in Volume V02, Page 14 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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SEMINEAE . Unitegmineae. Bitegmineae. The most remarkable feature here is the class of Liorhizal See also:

DICOTYLEDONS

Dicotyledons, which includes only the families of Nymphaeaceae and Gramineae. It is based upon the fact that the histological differentiation of the epidermis of their See also:

root is that generally characteristic of Monocotyledons, whilst they have two cotyledons—the old view of the epiblast as a second cotyledon in Gramineae being adopted. But the presence of a second cotyledon in See also:

GRASSES

grasses is extremely doubtful, and though there may be ground for reconsidering the position of Nymphaeaceae, their association with the grasses as a distinct class is not warranted by a See also:

COMPARATIVE

comparative examination of the members of the two orders. Ovular characters determine the grouping in the Dicotyledons, See also:

van Tieghem supporting the view that the integument, the See also:

OUTER

outer if there be two, is the lamina of a See also:

LEAF (O. Eng. leaf, cf. Dutch loof, Ger. Laub, Swed. lof, &c.; possibly to be referred to the root seen in Gr. Ma-eta, to peel, strip)

leaf of which the funicle is the petiole, whilst the nucellus is an outgrowth of this leaf, and the inner integument, if See also:

PRESENT

present, an indusium. The See also:

INSEMINEAE

Insemineae include forms in which the nucellus is not See also:

DEVELOPED

developed, and therefore there can be no See also:

SEED (from the root seen in Lat. serere, to sow)

seed. The See also:

PLANTS

plants included are, however, mainly well-established parasites, and the See also:

ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence of nucellus is only one of those characters of reduction to which parasites are liable. Even if we admit van Tieghem's See also:

INTERPRETATION (from Lat. interpretari, to expound, explain, inter pres, an agent, go-between, interpreter; inter, between, and the root pret-, possibly connected with that seen either in Greek 4 p4'ew, to speak, or irpa-rrecv, to do)

interpretation of the integuments to be correct, the diagnostic See also:

mark of his unitegminous and bitegminous See also:

groups is simply that of the absence or presence of an indusium, not a See also:

CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character of See also:

GREAT

great.value elsewhere, and, as we know, the number of the ovular coats is inconstant within the same See also:

FAMILY

family. At the same See also:

time the groups based upon the integuments are of much the same extent as the Polypetalae and Gamopetalae of other systems. We do not yet know the significance of this correlation, which, however, is not an invariable one, between number of integuments and See also:

union of petals.

Within the last few years Prof. See also:

John Coulter and Dr C. J. See also:

Chamberlain of See also:

Chicago University have given a valuable See also:

general See also:

account of the See also:

MORPHOLOGY, (Gr. yopdsil, form)

morphology of See also:

ANGIOSPERMS

Angiosperms as far as concerns the See also:

flower, and the See also:

SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of events which ends in the formation of the seed (Morphology of Angiosperms, Chicago, 1903). AurxoxlTIEs.—The reader will find in the following See also:

WORKS

works details of the subject and references to the literature: See also:

Bentham and See also:

Hooker, Genera Plantarum (See also:

LONDON

London, 1862–1883) ; Eichler, Bluthendiagramme (See also:

LEIPZIG

Leipzig, 1875–1878) ; Engler and Prantl, See also:

Die naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien (Leipzig, 1887–1899) ; Engler, See also:

SYLLABUS (from Gr. auXXa 43aveuv, to take together, cf. " syllable ")

Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien, 3rd ed. (See also:

Berlin, 1903) ; Knuth, Handbuch der B?utenbiologie (Leipzig, 1898, 1899) ; See also:

Sachs, See also:

HISTORY

History of See also:

BOTANY (from Gr. l3or6v17, plant; ,66vicety, to graze)

Botany, See also:

ENGLISH

English ed. (See also:

Oxford, 189o) ; Solereder, Systematische Anatomie der Dicotyledonen (See also:

STUTTGART

Stuttgart, 1899) ; van Tieghem, Elements de botanique; Coulter and Chamberlain, Morphology of Angiosperms (New See also:

York, 1903). (I. B. B.; A. B.

End of Article: SEMINEAE

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SEMINARY (Lat. seminarium, from semen, seed)

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