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See also:SUSA (Biblical, Shushan) , the See also:capital of Susiana or See also:Elam and from the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of See also:Darius I. the See also:chief See also:residence of the Achaemenian See also:kings. It had been the centre of the old See also:monarchy of Elam and had undergone many vicissitudes before it See also:fell into the hands of the Persians (see ELAM). The site, fixed by the explorations of W. K. See also:Loftus, lies in the See also:plain, but within sight of the mountains, between the courses of the Kerkha (Choaspes) and the See also:Dizful, one of the affluents of the Pasitigris. The Shaur, a small tributary of the Dizful, washes the eastern See also:base of the mounds of Shush, and seems to be the representative of the See also:ancient Ulai or Eulaeus. Thus the whole See also:district was fruitful and well watered; the surrounding See also:rivers with their canals gave See also:protection and a waterway to the See also:Persian Gulf; while the position of the See also:town between the Semitic and Iranian lands of the See also:empire was convenient for administrative purposes. Susa therefore became a vast and populous capital; See also:Greek writers assign to it a See also:circuit of 15 or 20 M.
The remains include four mounds, of which one is the site of the citadel called Memnonion by the Greeks, while another (the Apadana to the See also:east of it) represents the See also:palace of Darius I. and See also:Artaxerxes II. Mnemon. This latter has been excavated by M. Dieulafoy and the enamelled bricks with which its walls were adorned are now in the Louvre. See also:South of these two mounds is the site of the royal Elamite See also:city. The See also:fourth See also:mound, covering the remains of the poorer houses, is on the right See also:bank of the See also:river between the Shaur and the Kerkha. J. de 1b4organ's excavations (since 1897) have been principally in the citadel mound, which See also:measures rougnly 1500 ft. by 825 ft. and is 125 ft. high. The two lowest strata belong to the See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone See also:age, and the first is characterized by a See also:fine thin pottery, with yellow See also:paste decorated with geometrical patterns and See also:animal or See also:vegetable figures in See also:black and See also:- BROWN
- BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
- BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
- BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
- BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
- BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
- BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
- BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
- BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
- BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
- BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
- BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
- BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
- BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
- BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
- BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
- BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
- BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
- BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
- BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
- BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
- BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
- BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)
brown-red. Some of it is similar to the prehistoric
iI
pottery of See also:Egypt. The pottery of the second See also:neolithic stratum I Some 35 M. due south of Susa, and See also:half way on the road to See also:Sfax is much inferior. Above these strata come the remains of
Elamite and See also:early Babylonian See also:civilization with inscribed See also:objects, the See also:oldest of which exhibit the pictorial characters out of which the See also:cuneiform were evolved. Under the See also:foundations of the See also:temple of In-Susinak (in the See also:north-See also:west See also:part of the mound) a vast quantity of See also:bronze objects has been discovered, for the most part earlier than the loth See also:century B.C. Among the monuments brought to See also:light in other parts of the mound are the See also:obelisk of Manistusu (see BABYLONIA), the stela of Naram-See also:Sin and the See also:code of Khammurabi, along with. a See also:great number of historically valuable boundary-stones. The upper portions of the mounds have yielded, besides Persian remains, Greek pottery and See also:inscriptions of the 4th century B.C., numerous coins of the Kamnaskires See also:dynasty and other kings of Elymais in the Seleucid era, and See also:Parthian and See also:Sassanian See also:relics. In the Sassanian See also:period the city was razed in consequence of a revolt, but rebuilt by Sapor (See also:Shapur) II.; the walls were again destroyed at the time of the See also:Mahommedan See also:conquest, but the site, which is now deserted, was a seat of See also:sugar manufacture in the See also:middle ages.
End of Article: SUSA (Biblical, Shushan)
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