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WALLQVIST, OLAF (1755-18o0)

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Originally appearing in Volume V28, Page 287 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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WALLQVIST, See also:OLAF (1755-18o0) , See also:Swedish statesman and ecclesiastic, was ordained in 1776, became See also:doctor of See also:philosophy in 1779, See also:court preacher to See also:Queen Louisa Ulrica in 178o, and See also:bishop of See also:Vexio in 1787. He attracted the See also:attention of Gustavus III. by his eloquent See also:preaching at the fashionable St See also:Clara See also:church at See also:Stockholm. Gustavus at once took the See also:young See also:priest by the See also:hand, appointed him, at twenty-five, one of his chaplains; made him a See also:canon before he was See also:thirty and a bishop at thirty-two,. and finally placed him at the See also:head of the newly appointed See also:commission for reforming the ecclesiastical See also:administration of the See also:country. Thus at thirty-four Wallqvist had nothing more to See also:hope for but the primacy, which would infallibly have been his also had the See also:archbishop died during the See also:king's lifetime. Wallqvist was, however, much more of a politician than a churchman. His knowledge of human nature, inexhaustible See also:energy, dauntless self-confidence and See also:diplomatic finesse made him indispensable to Gustavus III. His seductive See also:manners too often won overthose whom his commanding eloquence failed to convince. His See also:political career began during the mutinous riksdag of 1786, when he came boldly forward as one of the royalist leaders. But it was at the stormy riksdag of 1789 that Wallqvist put forth all his See also:powers. The retirement of the timid See also:primate See also:left him without an equal in the See also:Estate of See also:Clergy, and it was very largely due to his co-operation that the king was able to carry through the famous " See also:Act of Unity and See also:Security " which converted See also:Sweden from a constitutional into a semi-See also:absolute See also:monarchy. Nevertheless, even the combative Wallqvist was appalled when on the 16th of See also:February 1789 the king privately informed him that he meant on the following See also:day soundly to trounce the Estate of Nobles in the presence of the three other estates and See also:bend them to his royal will. A friend of See also:compromise, like most of the men of his See also:cloth, Wallqvist dissuaded all revolutionary expedients at the outset, though when the king proved immovable the bishop materially smoothed the way before him.

At this memorable riksdag Wallqvist exhibited, moreover, See also:

financial ability of the highest See also:order, and, as See also:president of the ecclesiastical commission, assisted to equilibrate the See also:budget and find the funds necessary for resuming the See also:war with See also:Russia. During the brief riksdag of 1792, as a member of the See also:secret See also:committee, Wallqvist was at the very centre of affairs and rendered the king essential services. Indeed it may be safely said that Gustavus III., during the last six years of his reign, mainly depended upon Wallqvist and his clerical colleague, Carl Gustaf See also:Nordin (q.v.), who were patriotic enough to subordinate even their private enmity to the royal service. During the See also:Reuterholm (q.v.) administration, Wallqvist, like the See also:rest of the Gustavians, was kept remote from court. In 1800 he was recalled to the political See also:arena. But his old rivalry with Nordin was resumed at the same See also:time, and when the latter defeated a See also:motion of the bishop's in the Estate of Clergy, at the See also:diet of See also:Norrkoping, Wallqvist from sheer vexation had a stroke of See also:apoplexy and died the same day (3oth of See also:April 1800). As bishop of Vexio, Wallqvist was remarkable for his extra-See also:ordinary administrative ability. He did much for See also:education and for the poorer clergy, and endowed the library of the gymnasium with 6000 volumes. As an author also he was more than distinguished. His Ecclesiastica Samlingar testify to his skill and See also:diligence as a See also:collector of See also:MSS., while his Minnen och Bref, ed. E. V.

Montan (Stockholm, 1878), is one of the most trustworthy and circumstantial documents See also:

relating to the Gustavian era of Swedish See also:history. See R. N. See also:Bain, Gustavus III. and his Contemporaries (See also:London, 1895, vol. ii.) ; O. Wallqvists Sjaifiografiska anteckningar (See also:Upsala, 185o) ; and J. Rosengren, Om O. Wallqvist sksom Biskop och Eforus (Vexio, 1901). (R. N.

End of Article: WALLQVIST, OLAF (1755-18o0)

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