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WALTHARIUS , a Latin poem founded on See also:German popular tradition, relates the exploits of the See also:west See also:Gothic See also:hero See also:Walter of See also:Aquitaine. Our knowledge of the author, Ekkehard, a See also:- MONK (O.Eng. munuc; this with the Teutonic forms, e.g. Du. monnik, Ger. Witch, and the Romanic, e.g. Fr. moine, Ital. monacho and Span. monje, are from the Lat. monachus, adaptedfrom Gr. µovaXos, one living alone, a solitary; Own, alone)
- MONK (or MONCK), GEORGE
- MONK, JAMES HENRY (1784-1856)
- MONK, MARIA (c. 1817—1850)
monk of St See also:Gall, is due to a later Ekkehard, known as Ekkehard IV. (d. 1o6o), who gives some See also:account of him in the Casus Sancti Galli (cap. 8o). The poem was written by Ekkehard, generally distinguished as Ekkehard I., for his See also:master Geraldus in his schooldays, probably therefore not later than 920, since he was probably no longer See also:young when he became See also:deacon (in See also:charge of ten monks) in 957. He died in 973. Waltharius was dedicated by Geraldus to Erchanbald, See also:bishop of See also:Strassburg (fl. 965—991), but See also:MSS. of it were in circulation before that See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time. Ekkehard IV. stated that he corrected the Latin of the poem, the Germanisms of which offended his See also:patron Aribo, See also:archbishop of See also:Mainz. The poem was probably based on epic songs now lost, so that if the author was still in his teens when he wrote it he must have possessed considerable and precocious See also:powers.
Walter was the son of Alphere, ruler of Aquitaine, which in the 5th See also:century, when the See also:legend See also:developed, was a See also:province of the west Gothic See also:Spanish See also:kingdom. When See also:Attila invaded the west the western princes are represented as making no resistance. They See also:purchased See also:peace by offering See also:tribute and hostages. See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
King Gibich, here described as a Frankish king, gave See also:Hagen as a See also:hostage (of Trojan See also:race, but not, as in the See also:Nibelungenlied, a kinsman of the royal See also:house) in See also:place of his See also:infant son See also:Gunther; the Burgundian king Heririh, his daughter Hiltegund; and Alphere, his son Walter. Hagen and Walter became brothels in arms, fighting at the See also:head of Attila's armies, while Hiltegund was put in charge of the See also:queen's treasure. Presently Gunther succeeded his See also:father and refused to pay tribute to the See also:Huns, whereupon Hagen fled from Attila's See also:court. Walter and Hiltegund, who had been betrothed in childhood, also made See also:good their See also:- ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli
escape during a drunken feast of the Huns, taking with them a See also:great treasure. The See also:story of their See also:flight forms one of the most charming pictures of old German story. They were recognized at See also:Worms, however, where the treasure excited the cupidity of Gunther. Taking with him twelve knights, among them the reluctant Hagen, he pursued them, and overtook them at the Wasgenstein in the See also:Vosges mountains. Walter engaged the Nibelungen knights one at a time, until all were slain but Hagen, who held aloof from the See also:battle, and was only persuaded by Gunther to attack his comrade in arms on the second See also:day. He lured Walter from the strong position of the day before, and both Gunther and Hagen attacked at once. All three were incapacitated, but their wounds were See also:bound up by Hiltegund and they separated See also:friends,
The essential See also:part of this story is the See also:series of single combats. The occasional incoherences of the See also:tale make it probable that many changes have been introduced in the legend. The Thidreks See also:Saga (chaps. 241-244) makes the story more probable by representing the pursuers as Huns. There is See also:reason to believe that Hagen was originally the father of Hiltegund, and that the tale was a variant of the saga of Hild as told in the Skaldskaparmdl. Hild, daughter of King Hogni, was carried off by Hedinn, son of Hjarrandi (A.S. Heorrenda). The fight between the forces of father and See also:lover only ceased at sundown, to be renewed on the morrow, since each evening Hild raised the dead by her incantations. This is obviously a See also:form of the old myth of the daily recurring struggle between See also:light and darkness. The songs sung by Hiltegund in Waltharius during her See also:night watches were probably incantations, a view strengthened by the fact that in a See also:Polish version the glance of Helgunda is said to have inspired the combatants with new strength. Hiltegund has retained nothing of Hild's fierceness, but the fragment of the Anglo-Saxon Waldere shows more of the See also:original spirit. In Waltharius Hiltegund advises Walter to See also:fly; in Waldere she urges him to the combat.
See also:Cassel, t881); by F. Holthausen in Goteborgs Hogskolas I rsskrift (vol. V., 1899), with autotype reproductions of the two leaves which have been preserved. See also A. See also:Ebert, Allg. Gesch. der Lit. See also:des Mittelalters See also:im Abendlande (See also:Leipzig, 1874–1887); R. Koegel, Gesch. der deutschen Literatur bis zum Ausgange des Mittelalters (vol. i., pt. H., Strassburg, 1897); M. D. Lamed, The Saga of Walter of Aquitaine (See also:Baltimore, 1892) ; B. See also:Symons, Deutsche Heldensage (Strassburg, 1905). With Waltharius compare the Scottish See also:ballads of " See also:Earl See also:Brand " and " Erlinton " (F. J. See also:Child's See also:English and Scottish Popular Ballads, i. 88 seq.).
End of Article: WALTHARIUS
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