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See also:ANGORA, or ENGURI . (1) A See also:city of See also:Turkey (anc. See also:Ancyra) in See also:Asia, See also:capital of the vilayet of the same name, situated upon a steep, rocky See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
hill, which rises 500 ft. above the See also:plain, on the See also:left See also:bank of the Enguri Su, a tributary of the Sakaria(Sangarius), about 220 M. E.S.E. of See also:Constantinople. The hill is crowned by the ruins of the old citadel, which add to the picturesqueness of the view; but the See also:town is not well built, its streets being narrow and many of its houses constructed of See also:sun-dried mud bricks; there are, however, many See also:fine remains of Graeco-See also:Roman and See also:Byzantine See also:architecture, the most remarkable being the See also:temple of See also:Rome and See also:Augustus, on the walls of which is the famous Monumentum Ancyranum (see ANCYRA). Ancyra was the centre of the Tectosages, one of the three Gaulish tribes which settled in See also:Galatia in the 3rd See also:century B.C., and became the capital of the Roman See also:province of Galatia when it was formally constituted in 25 B.C. During the Byzantine See also:period, throughout which it occupied a position of See also:great importance, it was captured by Persians and See also:Arabs; then it See also:fell into the hands of the Seljuk See also:Turks, was held for eighteen years by the Latin Crusaders, and finally passed to the See also:Ottoman Turks in 136o. In 1402 a great See also:battle was fought in the vicinity of Angora, in which the See also:Turkish See also:sultan Bayezid was defeated and made prisoner by the Tatar conqueror Timur. In 1415 it was recovered by the Turks under Mahommed I., and since that period has
belonged to the Ottoman See also:empire. In 1832 it was taken by the Egyptians under See also:Ibrahim See also:Pasha. Angora is connected with Constantinople by railway, and exports See also:wool, See also:mohair, See also:grain and yellow berries. Mohair See also:cloth is manufactured, and the town is noted for its See also:honey and See also:fruit. From 1639 to 1768 there was an agency of the See also:Levant See also:Company here; there is now a See also:British See also:consul. Pop. estimated at 28,000 (Moslems,18,000; Christians, largely Roman See also:Catholic Armenians, about 9400; See also:Jews, 400).
(2) A Turkish vilayet in See also:north-central Asia See also:Minor, which includes most of the See also:ancient Galatia. It is an agricultural See also:country, depending for its prosperity on its grain, wool (See also:average See also:annual export, 4,400,000 ib), and the mohair obtained from the beautiful Angora goats (average annual clip, 3,300,000 ib). The fineness of the See also:hair may perhaps be ascribed to some peculiarity in the See also:atmosphere, for it is remarkable that the See also:cats, See also:dogs and other animals of the country are to a certain extent affected in the same way, and that they all lose much of their distinctive beauty when taken from their native districts. The only important See also:industry is See also:carpet-See also:weaving at Kir-sheher and Kaisarfeh. There are mines of See also:silver, See also:copper, See also:lignite and See also:salt, and many hot springs, including some of great repute medicinally. Average annual exports 1896-1898, £920,762; imports, £411,836. Pop. about 900,000 (Moslems, 765,000 to 800,000, the See also:rest being Christians, with a few See also:hundred Jews). (J. G. C. A.)
See C. See also:Ritter, Erdkunde von Asien (vol. xviii., 1837—1839) ; V. Cuinet, La Turquie d'Asie, t. i. (1891); See also:- MURRAY
- MURRAY (or MORAY), EARLS OF
- MURRAY (or MORAY), JAMES STUART, EARL OF (c. 1531-1570)
- MURRAY (or MORAY), SIR ROBERT (c. 1600-1673)
- MURRAY, ALEXANDER STUART (1841-1904)
- MURRAY, DAVID (1849– )
- MURRAY, EUSTACE CLARE GRENVILLE (1824–1881)
- MURRAY, JAMES (c. 1719-1794)
- MURRAY, JOHN
- MURRAY, JOHN (1778–1820)
- MURRAY, LINDLEY (1745–1826)
- MURRAY, LORD GEORGE (1694–1760)
- MURRAY, SIR JAMES AUGUSTUS HENRY (1837– )
- MURRAY, SIR JOHN (1841– )
Murray's Handbook to Asia Minor (1895); and other See also:works mentioned under ANCYRA.
End of Article: ANGORA, or ENGURI
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