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See also:DIEZ, See also:FRIEDRICH See also:CHRISTIAN (1794–1876) , See also:German philologist, was See also:born at See also:Giessen, in See also:Hesse-See also:Darmstadt, on the 15th of See also:March 1794. He was educated first at the gymnasium and then at the university of his native See also:town. There he studied See also:classics under Friedrich Gottlieb See also:Welcker (1784–1868) who had just returned from a two years' See also:residence in See also:Italy to fill the See also:chair of See also:archaeology and See also:Greek literature. It was Welcker who kindled in him a love of See also:Italian See also:poetry, and thus gave the first See also:bent to his See also:genius. In 1813 he joined the Hesse See also:corps as a volunteer and served in the See also:French See also:campaign. Next See also:year he returned to his books, and this See also:short See also:taste of military service was the only break in a See also:long and uneventful See also:life of See also:literary labours. By his parents' See also:desire he applied himself for a short See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time to See also:law, but a visit to See also:Goethe in 1818 gave a new direction to his studies, and determined his future career. Goethe had been See also:reading See also:Raynouard's Selections from the See also:Romance Poets, and advised the See also:young See also:scholar to explore the See also:rich mine of Provencal literature which the French savant had opened up. This See also:advice was eagerly followed, and henceforth Diez devoted himself to Romance literature. He thus became the founder of Romance See also:philology. After supporting himself for some years by private teaching, he removed in 1822 to See also:Bonn, where he held the position of privatdocent. In 1823 he published his first See also:work, An Introduction to Romance Poetry; in the following year appeared The Poetry of the Troubadours, and in 1829 The Lives and See also:Works of the Troubadours. In 1830 he was called to the chair of See also:modern literature. The See also:rest of his life was mainly occupied with the See also:composition of the two See also:great works on which his fame rests, the See also:Grammar of the Romance See also:Languages (1836–1844), and the See also:Lexicon of the Romance Languages—Italian, See also:Spanish and French (1853); in these two works Diez did for the Romance See also:group of languages what See also:Jacob See also:Grimm did for the See also:Teutonic See also:family. He died at Bonn on the 29th of May 1876.
The earliest French philologists, such as Perion and See also:Henri See also:Estienne, had sought to discover the origin of French in Greek and even in See also:Hebrew. For more than a See also:century See also:Menage's Etymological See also:Dictionary held the See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field without a See also:rival. Considering the time at which it was written (1650), it was a meritorious work, but philology was then in the empirical See also:stage, and many of Menage's derivations (such as that of " See also:rat " from the Latin " See also:mus," or of " haricot " from " faba ") have since become bywords among philologists. A great advance was made by Raynouard, who by his See also:critical See also:editions of the works of the T oubadours, published in the first years of the 19th century, laid the See also:foundations on which Diez afterwards built. The difference between Diez's method and that of his predecessors is well stated by him in the See also:preface to his dictionary. In sum it is the difference between See also:science and guess-work. The scientific method is to follow implicitly the discovered principles and rules of phonology, and not to swerve a See also:foot's breadth from them unless See also:plain, actual exceptions shall justify it; to follow the genius of the See also:language, and by See also:cross-questioning to elicit its secrets; to See also:gauge each See also:letter and estimate the value which attaches to it in each position; and lastly to possess the true philosophic spirit which is prepared to welcome any new fact, though it may modify or upset the most cherished theory. Such is the See also:historical method which Diez pursues in his grammar and dictionary. To collect and arrange facts is, as he tells us, the See also:sole See also:secret of his success, and he adds in other words the famous See also:apophthegm of See also:Newton, " hypotheses non See also:fingo." The introduction to the grammar consists of two parts :—the first discusses the Latin, Greek and Teutonic elements See also:common to the Romance languages; the second treats of the six dialects separately, their origin and the elements See also:peculiar to each. The grammar itself is divided into four books, on phonology, on flexion, on the formation of words by composition and derivation, and on syntax.
His dictionary is divided into two parts. The first contains words common to two at least of the three See also:principal See also:groups of Romance: —Italian, Spanish and Portuguese, and Provencal and French. The Italian, as nearest the See also:original, is placed at the See also:head of each See also:article.
The second See also:part treats of words peculiar to one group. There is no See also:separate glossary of Wallachian.
Of the introduction to the grammar there is an See also:English See also:translation by C. B. See also:Cayley. The dictionary has been published in a remodelled See also:form for English readers by T. C. See also:Donkin.
End of Article: DIEZ, FRIEDRICH CHRISTIAN (1794–1876)
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