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FICHTE, IMMANUEL HERMANN (originally ...

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Originally appearing in Volume V10, Page 313 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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FICHTE, IMMANUEL See also:HERMANN (originally See also:HARTMANN) VON (1797-1879) , See also:German philosopher, son of J. G. Fichte, was See also:born at See also:Jena on the 18th of See also:July 1797. Having held educational posts at See also:Saarbrucken and See also:Dusseldorf, in 1836 he became extraordinary See also:professor of See also:philosophy at See also:Bonn, and in 184o full professor. In 1842 he received a See also:call to See also:Tubingen, retired in 1867, and died at See also:Stuttgart on the 8th of See also:August 1879. The313 most important of his comprehensive writings are: See also:System der Ethik (1850-18J3), Anthropologic (1856, 3rd ed. 1876), Psychologie (1864-1873), See also:Die theistische Weltansicht (1873). In 1837 he had founded the Zeitschrift See also:fur Philosopkie as an See also:organ of his views, more especially on the subject of the philosophy of See also:religion, where he was in See also:alliance with C. H. See also:Weisse; but; whereas Weisse thought that the Hegelian structure was See also:sound in the See also:main, and that its imperfections might be mended, Fichte held it to be incurably defective, and spoke of it as a masterpiece of erroneous consistency or consistent See also:error." Fichte's See also:general views on philosophy seem to have changed considerably as he advanced in years, and his See also:influence has been impaired by certain inconsistencies and an See also:appearance of See also:eclecticism, which is strengthened by his predominantly See also:historical treatment of problems, his See also:desire to include divergent systems within his own, and his conciliatory See also:tone. His philosophy is an See also:attempt to reconcile See also:monism (See also:Hegel) and See also:individualism (See also:Herbart) by means of See also:theism (See also:Leibnitz). He attacks Hegelianism for its See also:pantheism, its lowering of human See also:personality, and imperfect recognition of the demands of the moral consciousness.

See also:

God, he says, is to be regarded not as an See also:absolute but as an See also:Infinite See also:Person, whose nature it is that he should realize himself in finite persons. These persons are See also:objects of God's love, and he arranges the See also:world for their See also:good. The See also:direct connecting See also:link between God and See also:man is the " See also:genius," a higher spiritual individuality existing in man by the See also:side of his See also:lower, earthly individuality. Fichte, in See also:short, See also:advocates an ethical theism, and his arguments might easily be turned to See also:account by the apologist of See also:Christianity. In his conception of finite personality he recurs to something like the monadism of Leibnitz. His insistence on moral experience is connected with his insistence on personality. One of the tests by which Fichte discriminates the value of previous systems is the adequateness with which they interpret moral experience. The same See also:reason that made him depreciate Hegel made him praise See also:Krause (See also:panentheism) and See also:Schleiermacher, and speak respectfully of See also:English philosophy. It is characteristic of Fichte's almost excessive receptiveness that in his latest published See also:work, Der neuere Spiritualismus (1878), he supports his position by arguments of a somewhat occult or theosophical See also:cast, not unlike those adopted by F. W. H. See also:Myers.

He also edited the See also:

complete worlife.ks and See also:literary See also:correspondence of his See also:father, including his See R. See also:Eucken, " Zur Erinnerung I. H. F.," in Zeitschrift filr Philosophic, ex. (1897); C. C. See also:Scherer, Die Gotteslehre von I. H. F. (1902) See also:article by Karl Hartmann in Allegemeine deutsche Biographic xlviii. (19o4). Some of his See also:works were translated by J.

D. Morels under the See also:

title of Contributions to See also:Mental Philosophy (186o).

End of Article: FICHTE, IMMANUEL HERMANN (originally HARTMANN) VON (1797-1879)

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