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SCHLEIERMACHER, FRIEDRICH DANIEL ERNS...
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See also:SCHLEIERMACHER, See also:FRIEDRICH See also:DANIEL See also:ERNST (1768-1834) , theologian and philosopher, was the son of a Prussian See also:army See also:chaplain of the Reformed See also:confession, and was See also:born on the 21st of See also:November 1768 at See also:Breslau. He was educated in a Moravian school at Niesky in upper See also:Lusatia, and at See also:Barby near See also:Halle. Moravian See also:theology, however, soon ceased to satisfy him, and his doubts rapidly took definite shape. Reluctantly his See also:father gave him permission to leave Barby for the university of Halle, which had already (1787) abandoned See also:pietism and adopted the rationalist spirit of See also:Wolf and See also:Semler (see RATIONAL-1sm). As a student he pursued an See also:independent course of See also:reading and neglected to his permanent loss the study of the Old Testament and the See also:Oriental See also:languages. But he frequented the lectures of Semler and of J. A. See also:Eberhard, acquiring from the former the principles of an independent See also:criticism of the New Testament and from the latter his love of See also:Plato and See also:Aristotle. At the same See also:time he studied with See also:great earnestness the writings of See also:Kant and See also:Jacobi. He acquired thus See also:early his characteristic See also:habit of forming his opinions by the See also:process of patiently examining and weighing the positions of all thinkers and parties. But with the receptivity of a great eclectic he combined the reconstructive See also:power of a profoundly See also:original thinker. While yet a student he began to apply ideas gathered from the See also:Greek philosophers in a reconstruction of Kant's See also:system. At the completion of his three years' course at Halle he was for two years private See also:tutor in the See also:family of See also:Count Dohna-Schlobitten, developing in a cultivated and aristocratic See also:household his deep love of family and social See also:life. In 1796 he became chaplain to the Charite See also:Hospital in See also:Berlin. Having no See also:scope for the development of his See also:powers as a preacher, he sought See also:mental and spiritual See also:satisfaction in the cultivated society of Berlin, and in profound philosophical studies. This was the See also:period in which he was constructing the framework of his philosophical and religious system. It was the period, too, when he made himself widely acquainted with See also:art, literature, See also:science and See also:general culture. He was at that time profoundly affected by See also:German Romanticism, as represented by his friend Friedrich See also:Schlegel. Of this his Confidential Letters on Schlegel's Lucinde (Vertrauten Briefe fiber Schlegel's " Lucinde," 18o1; ed. 1835; by See also:Jonas See also:Frankel, 1907; R. See also:Frank, 1907), as well as his perilous relation to Eleonore Grunow, the wife of a Berlin clergyman, are See also:proof and See also:illustration. Though his ultimate principles were unchanged he gained much from the struggle. It showed him much of the inner truth of human feeling and emotion, and enriched his See also:imagination and life with ideals See also:ancient and See also:modern, which gave See also:elevation, See also:depth and See also:colour to all his thought. Meantime he studied See also:Spinoza and Plato, and was profoundly influenced by both, though he was never a Spinozist; he made Kant more and more his See also:master, though he departed on fundamental points from him, and finally re-modelled his See also:philosophy; with some of Jacobi's positions he was in sympathy, and from See also:Fichte and See also:Schelling he accepted ideas, which in their See also:place in his system, however, received another value and import. The See also:literary See also:fruit of this period of intense See also:fermentation and of rapid development was his "See also:epoch-making " See also:book, Reden uber See also:die See also:Religion (1799; ed. See also:Gottingen, 1906), and his " new See also:year's See also:gift to the new See also:century, the Monologen (1800; ed. 1902). In the first book he vindicated for religion an eternal place amongst the divine mysteries of human nature, distinguished it from all current caricatures of it and allied phenomena, and described the perennial forms of its manifestation and life in men and society, giving thereby the See also:programme of his 'subsequent theological system. In the Monologen he threw out his ethical manifesto, in which he proclaimed his ideas as to the freedom and See also:independence of the spirit, and as to the relation of the mind to the See also:world of sense and imperfect social organizations, and sketched his ideal of the future of the individual and society. From 1802 to r8o4, Schleiermacher was pastor in the little Pomeranian See also:town of Stolpe. These years were full of literary 1825); a second edition (1846) in 15 vols. His Prosatsche Jugendschriften (1794—1802) have been edited by J. See also:Minor (1882, 2nd ed. 1906); there are also reprints of Lucinde, and F. Schleiermacher's Vertraute. Briefe fiber Lucinde, 1800 (19o7). See R. See also:Haym, Die romantische Schule (187o); I. See also:Rouge, F. Schlegel et la genese du romantisme allemand (1904); by the same, Erlauterungen zu F. Schlegels Lucinde (1905); M. Joachimi, Die Weltanschauung der Romantik (19o5); W. Glawe, Die Religion F. Schlegels (1906); E. See also:Kircher, Philosophie der Romantik (1906). On Dorothea Schlegel see J. M. Raich, Dorothea von Schlegel and deren Sohne (1881); F. Diebel, Dorothea Schlegel als Schriftsteller See also:im Zusammenhang mit der romantischen Schule (1905). Additional information and CommentsThere are no comments yet for this article.
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