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See also:FUENTERRABIA (formerly sometimes written Fontarabia; See also:Lat. Fons Rapidus) , a See also:town of See also:northern See also:Spain, in the See also:province of Guipitzcoa; on the See also:San See also:Sebastian-See also:Bayonne railway; near the See also:Bay of See also:Biscay and on the See also:French frontier. Pop. (187o) about 750; (1900) 4345. Fuenterrabia stands on the slope of a See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
hill on the See also:left See also:bank of the See also:river Bidassoa, and near the point where its See also:estuary begins. Towards the See also:close of the 19th See also:century the town became popular as a summer resort for visitors from the interior of Spain, and, in consequence, its See also:appearance under-
See also:privilege, it is generally implied that the thing so named is nothing new. The earliest extant written See also:fuero is probably that which was granted to the province and town of See also:Leon by See also:Alphonso V. in 1020. It emanated from the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king in a See also:general See also:council of the See also:kingdom of Leon and See also:Castile, and consisted of two See also:separate parts; in the first 19 chapters were contained a See also:series of statutes which were to be valid for the kingdom at large, while the See also:rest of the document was simply a municipal See also:charter). But in neither portion does it in any sense See also:mark a new legislative departure, unless in so far as it marks the beginning of the era of written charters for towns. The "fuero general " does not profess to supersede the consuetudines anliquorum jurium or Chindaswint's codification of these in the Lex Visigothorum; the " fuero municipal " is really for the most See also:part but a resuscitation of usages formerly established, a recognition and See also:definition of liberties and privileges that had See also:long before been conceded or taken for granted. The right of the burgesses to self-See also:government and self-See also:taxation is acknowledged and confirmed, they, on the other See also:hand, being held See also:bound to a constitutional obedience and subjection to the See also:sovereign, particularly to the See also:payment of definite imperial taxes, and the rendering of a certain amount of military service (as the See also:ancient municipia had been). Almost _ contemporaneous with this fuero of Leon was that granted to Najera (Naxera) by Sancho el See also:Mayor of See also:Navarre (ob. 1035), and confirmed, in 1076, by Alphonso VI? Traces of others of perhaps even an earlier date are occasionally to be met with. In the fuero of Carden, for example, granted by See also:Ferdinand I. in 1039, reference is made to a previous See also:forum Burgense (See also:Burgos), which, however, has not been preserved, if, indeed, sit ever had been reduced to See also:writing at all. The phraseology of that of Sepulveda (1076) in like manner points back to an indefinitely remote antiquity? Among the later fueros of the 11th century, the most important are those of See also:Jaca (1064) and of Logrono (10g5). The former of these, which was distinguished by the unusual largeness of its concessions, and by the careful minuteness of its details, rapidly extended to many places in the neighbourhood, while the latter charter was given also to See also:Miranda by Alphonso VI., and was further extended in 1181 by Sancho el Sabio of Navarre to See also:Vitoria, thus constituting one of the earliest written fora of the " Provincias Vascongadas." In the course of the 12th and 13th centuries the number of such documents increased very rapidly; that of See also:Toledo especially, granted to the Mozarabic See also:population in nor, but greatly enlarged and extended by Alphonso VII. (1118) and succeeding sovereigns, was used as a basis for many other Castilian fueros. Latterly the word fuero came to be used in Castile in a wider sense than before, as meaning a general See also:code of See also:laws; thus about the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of See also:Saint Ferdinand the old Lex Visigothorum, then translated for the first time into the See also:vernacular, was called the Fuero Juzgo, a name which was soon retranslated into the barbarous Latin of the See also:period as Forum Judicum;' and among the compilations of Alphonso the Learned in like manner were an Espejo de Fueros and also the Fuero de See also:las leyes, better known perhaps as the Fuero Real. The famous code known as the Ordenamiento Real de Alcald, or Fuero Viejo de Castilla, See also:dates from a still later period. As the See also:power of the See also:Spanish See also:crown was gradually concentrated and consolidated, royal pragmaticas began to take the See also:place of constitutional laws;
. Cap. xx. begins: " Constituimus etiam ut Legionensis &vitas, quae depopulata fuit a Sarracenis in diebus patris mei Veremundi regis, repopulatur per hos foros subscriptos."
s " Mando et concedo et confirmo ut ista civitas cum sua plebe et cum See also:omnibus suis pertinentiis sub tali lege et sub tali foro maneat per saecula cuncta. See also:Amen. Isti sunt fueros quae habuerunt in Naxera in diebus Sanctii regis et Gartiani regis."
3 " Ego Aldefonsus rex et uxor mea See also:Agnes confirmamus ad Septempublica suo foro quod habuit in tempore antiquo de avolo meo et in tempore comitum Ferrando Gonzalez et comite See also:Garcia Ferdinandez et comite Domno Santio."
* This Latin is later even than that of Ferdinand, whose words are: Statuo et mando quod See also:Liber Judicum, quo ego misi Cordubam, translatetur in vulgarem et vocetur forum de Corduba . . . et quod per saecula cuncta sit See also:pro foro et nullus sit ausus istud forum aliter appellare nisi forum de Corduba, et jubeo et mando quod omnis morator et populator . . . veniet ad judicium et ad forum de Corduba."
the See also:local fueros of the various districts slowly yielded before the See also:superior force of imperialism; and only those of Navarre and the Basque provinces (see See also:Basques) have had sufficient vitality to enable them to survive to comparatively See also:modern times. While actually owning the lordship of the Castilian crown since about the See also:middle of the 14th century, these provinces rigidly insisted upon compliance with their See also:consuetudinary See also:law, and especially with that which provided that the senor, before assuming the government, should personally appear before the See also:assembly and swear to maintain the ancient constitutions. Each of the provinces mentioned had. distinct sets of fueros, codified at different periods, and varying considerably as to details; the See also:main features, how-ever, were the same in all. Their rights, after having been re-cognized by successive Spanish sovereigns from Ferdinand the See also:Catholic to Ferdinand VII., were, at the See also:death of the latter in 1833, set aside by the government of Castanos. The result was a See also:civil See also:war, which terminated in a renewed See also:acknowledgment of the fueros by See also:Isabel II. (1839). The provisional government of 1868 also promised to respect them, and similar pledges were given by the governments which succeeded. In consequence, however, of the Carlist rising of 1873–1876, the Basque fueros were finally extinguished in 1876. The See also:history of the Foraes of the.Portuguese towns, and of the Fors du Bears, is precisely analogous to that of the fueros of Castile.
Among the numerous See also:works that more or less expressly See also:deal with this subject, that of Marina (Ensayo historico-critico sobre la See also:antigua legislation y principales cuerpos legales de los reynos de Leon y Castilla) still continues to hold a high place. Reference may also be made to Colmeiro's Curso de derecho politico segun la historia de Leon y de Castilla (See also:Madrid, 1873); to Schafer's Geschichte von Spanien, ii. 418-428, iii. 293 seq. and to See also:Hallam's Middle Ages, c. iv.
End of Article: FUENTERRABIA (formerly sometimes written Fontarabia; Lat. Fons Rapidus)
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