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HOLY ISLAND, or LINDISFARNE

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Originally appearing in Volume V13, Page 622 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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HOLY

HOLY See also:
ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')
ISLAND, or LINDISFARNE , an irregularly shaped island in the See also:

North See also:

Sea, 2 M. from the See also:

COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of See also:

Northumberland, in which See also:

COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county it is included. Pop. (19or) 405. It is joined to the mainland at See also:

low See also:

WATER

water by See also:

FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat sands, over which a track, marked by wooden posts and practicable for vehicles, leads to the island. There is a station on the North-Eastern railway at Beal, 9 m. S.E. of See also:

BERWICK, JAMES FITZJAMES

Berwick, opposite the island, but 14 m. inland. The island See also:

MEASURES

measures 3 M. from E. to W. and 12 N. to S., extreme distances. Its See also:

TOTAL

total See also:

AREA

area is 1051 acres. On the N. it is sandy and barren, but on the S. very fertile and under cultivation. Large See also:

numbers of rabbits have their warrens among the sands, and, with See also:

fish, oysters and agricultural produce, are exported. There are several fresh springs on the island, and in the north-See also:

east is a See also:

lake of 6 acres. At the See also:

south-See also:

west See also:

ANGLE (from the Lat. angulus, a corner, a diminutive, of which the primitive form, angus, does not occur in Latin; cognate are the Lat. angere, to compress into a bend or to strangle, and the Gr. ayKOS, a bend; both connected with the Aryan root ank-, to

angle is the little fishing See also:

VILLAGE

village (formerly much larger) which is now a favourite summer watering-See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place.

Here is the See also:

HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour, offering See also:

GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good shelter to small vessels. Holy Island derives its name from a monastery founded on it by St See also:

Aidan, and restored in 2082 as a See also:

CELL (from Lat. cella, probably from an Indo-European kal —seen in Lat. celare, to hide; another suggestion connects the word with Lat. cera, wax, taking the original meaning to refer to the honeycomb)

cell of the See also:

BENEDICTINE

Benedictine monastery at See also:

Durham. Its ruins, still extensive and carefully preserved, justify See also:

Scott's description of it as a " See also:

SOLEMN (Lat. sollemnis, sollemnis, less correctly solennis, yearly, annual; from sollus = totus, whole, entire, Gr. Mos., and annus, year)

solemn, huge and dark-red See also:

PILE

pile." An islet, lying off the S.W. angle, has traces of a See also:

CHAPEL

chapel upon it, and is believed to have offered a See also:

RETREAT (O. Fr. retrete, mod. retraite, from Lat. retrahere, to draw back)

retreat to St See also:

CUTHBERT, SAINT (d. 687)

Cuthbert and his successors. The See also:

castle, situated east of the village, on a basaltic See also:

rock about 90 ft. high, See also:

DATES

dates from c. 1500. When St Aidan came at the See also:

REQUEST, LETTERS OF

request of See also:

King See also:

Oswald to preach to the Northumbrians he See also:

CHOSE (Fr. for " thing ")

chose the island of Lindisfarne as the site of his See also:

church and monastery, and made it the See also:

head of the See also:

DIOCESE (formed on Fr. diocese, in place of the Eng. form diocess—current until the 19th century—from Lat. dioecesis, med. Lat. variant diocesis, from Gr. Swucio•tc, " house-keeping," " administration," &miceas, " to keep house," " to govern ")

diocese which he founded in 635. For some years the see continued in See also:

peace, numbering among its bishops St Cuthbert, but in 793 the Danes landed on the island and burnt the See also:

settlement, killing many of the monks. The survivors, however, rebuilt the church and continued to live there until 883, when, through fear of a second invasion of the Danes, they fled inland, taking with them the See also:

BODY

body of St Cuthbert and other holy See also:

RELICS (Lat, reliquiae, the equivalent of the English " remains " in the sense of a dead body)

relics. The church and monastery were again destroyed and the See also:

bishop and monks, on See also:

account of the exposed situation of the island, determined not to return to it, and settled first at See also:

Chester-le-See also:

Street and finally at Durham. With the fall of the monastery the island appears to have become again untenanted, and probably continued so until the See also:

prior and See also:

CONVENT (Lat. conventus, from convenire, to come together)

convent of Durham .stablished there a cell of monks from their own See also:

house. The inhabitants of Holy Island were governed by two bailiffs at least as See also:

early as the 14th See also:

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, and, according to J. Raine in his See also:

HISTORY

History of North Durham (1852), are called " burgesses or freemen " in a private See also:

paper dated 1728.

In 1323 the bailiffs and community of Holy Island were commanded to cause all See also:

SHIPS

ships of the burthen of See also:

THIRTY

thirty tons or over to go to Ereswell with their ships provisioned for a See also:

month at least and underdouble See also:

MANNING, HENRY EDWARD (1808-1892)

manning to be ready to set out on the king's service. Towards the end of the 16th century the fort on Holy Island was garrisoned for fear of See also:

FOREIGN

foreign invasion by See also:

Sir See also:

William Read, who found it very much in need of repair, the guns being so decayed that the gunners " dare not give See also:

FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire but by trayne," and the See also:

MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master See also:

GUNNER, or MASTER GUNNER

gunner had been." miserably slain " in discharging one of them. During the See also:

CIVIL

Civil See also:

WARS

Wars the castle was held for the king until 1646, when it was taken and garrisoned by the parliamentarians. The only other See also:

HISTORICAL

historical event connected with the island is the See also:

ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt made by two See also:

JACOBITES (from Lat. Jacobus, James)

Jacobites in 1715 to hold it for the Pretender.

End of Article: HOLY ISLAND, or LINDISFARNE

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