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See also:JAURES, See also:JEAN See also:LEON (1859- ) , See also:French Socialist See also:leader, was See also:born at See also:Castres (See also:Tarn) on the 3rd of See also:September 1859. He was educated at the lycee See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis-le-See also:Grand and the ecole normale superieure, and took his degree as See also:associate in See also:philosophy in 1881. After teaching philosophy for two years at the lycee of See also:Albi (Tarn), he lectured at the university of See also:Toulouse. He was elected republican See also:deputy for the See also:department of Tarn in 1885. In 1889, after unsuccessfully contesting Castres, he returned to his professional duties at Toulouse, where he took an active See also:interest in municipal affairs, and helped to found the medical See also:faculty of the university. He also prepared two theses for his doctorate in philosophy, De primis socialismi germanici lineamentis apud Lutherum, See also:Kant, See also:Fichte et See also:Hegel (1891), and De la realite du monde sensible. In 1902 he gave energetic support to the miners of Carmaux who went out on strike in consequence of the dismissal of a socialist workman, Calvignac; and in the next See also:year he was re-elected to the chamber as deputy for Albi. Although he was defeated at the See also:election§ of 1898 and was for four years outside the chamber, his eloquent speeches made him a force in politics as an intellectual See also:champion of See also:socialism. He edited the Petite Republique, and was one of the most energetic defenders of See also:Captain See also:Alfred See also:Dreyfus. He approved of the inclusion of M. See also:Millerand, the socialist, in the Waldeck-See also:Rousseau See also:ministry, though this led, to a split with the more revolutionary See also:section led by M. See also:Guesde. In 1902 he was again returned as deputy for Albi, and during the See also:Combes See also:administration his See also:influence secured the coherence of the See also:radical-socialist See also:coalition known as the bloc. In 1904 he founded the socialist See also:paper, L'Humanite. The French socialist See also:groups held a See also:congress at See also:Rouen in See also:March 1905, which resulted in a new consolidation; the new party, headed by MM. Jaures and Guesde, ceased to co-operate with the radicals and radical-socialists, and became known as the unified socialists, pledged to advance a collectivist See also:programme. At the See also:general elections of 1906 M. Jaures was again elected for the Tarn. His ability and vigour were now generally recognized; but the strength of the socialist party, and the See also:practical activity of its leader, still had to reckon with the equally practical and vigorous liberalism of M. See also:Clemenceau. The latter was able to See also:appeal to his countrymen (in a notable
speech in the See also:spring of r906) to rally to a radical programme which had no socialist See also:Utopia in view; and the See also:appearance in him of a strong and practical radical leader had the result of considerably diminishing the effect of the socialist propaganda. M. Jaures, in addition to his daily journalistic activity, published See also:Les preuves; aJaire Dreyfus (1900); See also:Action socialiste (1899); Etudes socialistes (1902), and, with other collaborators, Histoire socialiste (1901), &c.
End of Article: JAURES, JEAN LEON (1859- )
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