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JUDSON, ADONIRAM (1788-1850)

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Originally appearing in Volume V15, Page 543 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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See also:

JUDSON, ADONIRAM (1788-1850) , See also:American missionary, was See also:born at See also:Malden, See also:Massachusetts, on the 9th of See also:August 1788, the son of a Congregational See also:minister. He graduated at See also:Brown University in 1807, was successively a school teacher and an actor, completed a course at the See also:Andover Theological See also:Seminary in See also:September 181o, and was at once licensed to preach as a Congregational clergyman. In the summer of 1810 he with several of his See also:fellows students at Andover had petitioned the See also:general association of ministers to be sent to See also:Asiatic missionary See also:fields. This application resulted in the See also:establishment of the American See also:board of commissioners for See also:foreign See also:missions, which sent Judson to See also:England to secure, if possible, the co-operation of the See also:London Missionary Society. His See also:ship See also:fell into the hands of a See also:French See also:privateer and he was for some See also:time a prisoner in See also:France, but finally proceeded to London, where his proposal was considered without anything being decided. He then returned to See also:America, where he found the board ready to See also:act independently. His See also:appointment to See also:Burma followed, and in 1812, accompanied by his wife, See also:Ann Hasseltine Judson (1789-1826), he went to See also:Calcutta. On the voyage both became See also:advocates of See also:baptism by See also:immersion, and being thus cut off from See also:Congregationalism, they began See also:independent See also:work. In 1814 they began to receive support from the American Baptist missionary See also:union, which had been founded with the See also:primary See also:object of keeping them in the See also:field. After a few months at See also:Madras, they settled at See also:Rangoon. There Judson mastered Burmese, into which he translated See also:part of the Gospels with his wife's help. In 1824 he removed to See also:Ava, where during the See also:war between the See also:East See also:India See also:Company and Burma he was imprisoned for almost two years.

After See also:

peace hadbeen brought about (largely, it is said, through his exertions) Mrs Judson died. In 1827 Judson removed his headquarters to Maulmain, where school buildings and a See also:church were erected, and where in 1834 he married Sarah See also:Hall See also:Boardman (1803-1845). In 1833 he completed his See also:translation of the See also:Bible; in succeeding years he compiled a Burmese See also:grammar, a Burmese See also:dictionary, and a See also:Pali dictionary. In 1845 his wife's failing See also:health decided Judson to return to America, but she died during the voyage, and was buried at St See also:Helena. In the See also:United States Judson married Emily Chubbuck (1817-1854), well-known as a poet and novelist under the name of " Fanny Forrester," who was one of the earliest advocates in America of the higher See also:education of See also:women. She returned with him in 1846 to Burma, where the See also:rest of his See also:life was devoted largely to the rewriting of his Burmese dictionary. He died at See also:sea on the 12th of See also:April 185o, while on his way to See also:Martinique, in See also:search of health. Judson was perhaps the greatest, as he was practically the first, of the many missionaries sent from the United States into foreign fields; his fervour, his devotion to See also:duty, and his fortitude in the See also:face of danger See also:mark him as the prototype of the American missionary. The Judson Memorial, an institutional church, was erected on See also:Washington Square See also:South, New See also:York See also:City, largely through the exertions of his son, Rev. See also:Edward Judson (b. 1844), who became its pastor and director, and who prepared a life of Dr Judson (1883; new ed. 1898).

Another See also:

biography is by See also:Francis See also:Wayland (2 vols., 1854). See also See also:Robert T. Middleditch's Life of Adoniram Judson, Burmah's See also:Great Missionary (New York, 1859). For the three Mrs. Judsons, see See also:Knowles, Life of Ann Hasseltine Judson (1829); Emily C. Judson, Life of Sarah Hall Boardman Judson (1849); Asahel C. Kendrick, Life and Letters of Emily Chubbuck Judson (1861).

End of Article: JUDSON, ADONIRAM (1788-1850)

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