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KATHIAWAR, or KATTYWAR

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Originally appearing in Volume V15, Page 696 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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KATHIAWAR, or KATTYWAR , a See also:peninsula of See also:India, within the See also:Gujarat See also:division of Bombay, giving its name to a See also:political agency. See also:Total See also:area, about 23,400 sq. m.; pop. (1901), 2,645,805. These figures include a portion of the See also:British See also:district of See also:Ahmedabad, a portion of the See also:state of See also:Baroda, and the small Portuguese See also:settlement of See also:Diu. The peninsula is bounded N. by the Runn of See also:Cutch, E. by Ahmedabad district and the Gulf of See also:Cambay, and S. and W. by the Arabian See also:Sea. The extreme length is 220 m.; the greatest breadth about 165 m. Generally speaking, the See also:surface is undulating, with See also:low ranges See also:running in various directions. With the exception of the Tangha and Mandav hills, in the See also:west of See also:Jhalawar, and some unimportant hills in Hallar, the See also:northern portion of the See also:country is See also:flat; but in the See also:south, from near See also:Gogo, the Gir range runs nearly parallel with the See also:coast, and at a distance of about 20 M. from it, along the See also:north of Babriawar and Sorath, to the neighbourhood of See also:Girnar. Opposite this latter See also:mountain is the solitary Osam See also:hill, and then still farther west is the Barada See also:group, between Hallar and Barada, running about 20 M. north and south from Gumli to Ranawao. The Girnar group of mountains is an important granitic See also:mass, the highest See also:peak of which rises to 3500 ft. The See also:principal See also:river is the Bhadar, which rises in the Mandav hills, and flowing S.W. falls into the sea at Navi-Bandar; it is everywhere marked by highly cultivated lands adjoining its course of about 115 M. Other See also:rivers are the Aji, Machhu and Satrunji—the last remarkable for romantic scenery.

Four of the old races, the Jaitwas, Churasamas, Solunkis and Walas still exist as proprietors of the See also:

soil who exercised See also:sovereignty in the country See also:prior to the See also:immigration of the Jhalas, Jadejas, Purmars, Kathis, Gohels, See also:Jats, Mahommedans and See also:Mahrattas, between whom the country is now chiefly portioned out. Kathiawar has many notable antiquities, comprising a See also:rock inscription of See also:Asoka, Buddhist caves, and See also:fine Jain temples on the sacred hill of Girnar and at See also:Palitana. The political agency of Kathiawar has an area of 20,882 sq. m. In 1901 the See also:population was 2:329,196, showing a decrease of 15% in the See also:decade due to the results of See also:famine. The estimated See also:gross See also:revenue of the several states is £1,278,000; total See also:tribute (payable to the British, the See also:gaekwar of Baroda and the See also:nawab of See also:Junagarh), £70,000. There are altogether 193 states of varying See also:size and importance, of which 14 exercise See also:independent See also:jurisdiction, while the See also:rest are more or less under British See also:administration. The eight states of the first class are Junagaw, See also:Nawanagar; See also:Bhaunagar, See also:Porbandar, See also:Dhrangadra, See also:Morvi, See also:Gondal and See also:Jafarabad. The headquarters of the political See also:agent are at See also:Rajkot, in the centre of the peninsula, where also is the Rajkumar See also:college, for the See also:education of the sons of the chiefs. There is a similar school for girasias, or chiefs of See also:lower See also:rank, at Gondal. An excellent See also:system of See also:metre-See also:gauge See also:railways has been provided at the cost of the leading states. Maritime See also:trade is also very active, the See also:chief ports being Porbandar, Mangrol and Verawal. In 1903-1904 the total sea-See also:borne exports were valued at £1,300,000, and the imports at £1,120,000.

The progressive prosperity of Kathiawar received a See also:

shock from the famine of 1899-1900, which was See also:felt everywhere with extreme severity.

End of Article: KATHIAWAR, or KATTYWAR

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