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MANURIAL VALUE OF FOOD CONSUMED IN TH...

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Originally appearing in Volume V07, Page 745 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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MANURIAL VALUE OF See also:

FOOD CONSUMED IN THE See also:PRODUCTION OF See also:MILK In any See also:attempt to estimate the See also:average value of the manure derived from the See also:consumption of food for the production of milk, the difficulty arising from the very wide variation in the amount of milk yielded by different cows, or by the same cow at different periods of her lactation, is increased by the inadequate See also:character of See also:information concerning the difference in the amount of the food actually consumed by the See also:animal coincidently with the production of such different amounts of milk. But although information is lacking for correlating, with numerical accuracy, the See also:great difference in milk-yield of individual cows with the coincident See also:differences in consumption to produce it, it may be considered as satisfactorily established that more food is consumed by a See also:herd of cows to produce a See also:fair yield of milk, of say ro or 12 quarts per See also:head per See also:day, than by an equal live-See also:weight of oxen fed to produce fattening increase. In the cases supposed it may, for See also:practical purposes, be assumed that the cows would consume about one-See also:fourth more food than the oxen. Accordingly, in the Rothamsted estimates of the value of the manure obtained on the consumption of food for the production of milk, it is assumed that one-fourth more will be consumed by x000 lb live-weight of cows than by the same weight of oxen; but the estimates of the amounts of the constituents of the food removed in the milk, or remaining for manure, are nevertheless reckoned per ton of each See also:kind of food consumed, as in the See also:case of those See also:relating to feeding for the production of fattening increase. It may be added that the calculations of the amounts of the constituents in the milk are based on the same average See also:composition of milk as is adopted in the construction of Table V. Thus the See also:nitrogen is taken at o•579 (=3.65 nitrogenous substance) %, the phosphoric See also:acid at 0.2175%, and the potash at 0.1875% in the milk. Table VIII. shows in detail the estimate of the amount of nitrogen in one, ton of each food, and in the milk produced from its consumption, on the See also:assumption of an average yield of ro quarts per head per day; also the amount remaining for manure, the amount of See also:ammonia corresponding to the nitrogen, and the value of the ammonia at 4d. per lb. Similar particulars are also given in relation to the phosphoric acid and the potash consumed in the food, removed in the milk, and remaining for manure, &c. This table will serve as a sufficient See also:illustration of the mode of estimating the See also:total or See also:original value of the manure, derived from the consumption of the different foods for the production of milk in the case supposed; that is, assuming an average yield of a herd of ro quarts per head per day. In Table IX. are given the results of similar detailed calculations of the total or original manure-value (as in Table VIII. for to quarts), on the alternative assumptions of a yield of 6, 8, 12 or 14 quarts per head per day. For comparison there is also given, in the first See also:column, the estimate of the total or original manure-value when the foods are consumed for the production of fattening increase. So much for the See also:plan and results of the estimations of total or original manure-value of the different foods, that is, deducting only the constituents removed in the milk, and reckoning the See also:remainder at the prices at which they can be See also:purchased in artificial See also:manures.

With a view to See also:

direct application to practice, however, it is necessary to estimate the unexhausted manure-value of the different foods, or what may be called their See also:compensation-value, after they have been used for a See also:series of years by the outgoing See also:tenant and he has realized a certain portion of the manure-value in his increased crops. In the calculations for this purpose the See also:rule is to deduct one-See also:half of the original manure-value of the food used the last See also:year, and one-third of the remainder each year to the eighth, in the case of all the more concentrated foods and of the roots—in fact, of all the foods in the See also:list excepting the hays and the straws. For these, which contain larger amounts of indigestible See also:matter, and the constituents of which will be more slowly available to crops, two-thirds of the original manure-value is deducted for the last year, and only Nitrogen. Phosphoric Acid. Potash. Total or In Manure. In Manure. In Manure. Original In In In Manure- Nos. Description In Milk Nitro- Value In Milk In Milk Value of Food. I Ton from Total gen of Am- I Ton from Total Value I Ton from Total Value per Ton of I Ton remain- Am 1 ato d of i Ton remain- at 2d. of I Ton remain- at of Food Food. of See also:ing for monia. per lb. Food. of ing for P',' lb Food. of ing for t#d. See also:con- Food.

Manure. Food. Manure. Food. Manure. per Ib. sumed. I See also:

Linseed lb lb lb lb £ s. d. lb lb lb s. d. lb lb lb s. d. £ s. d. 80.64 25.04 55.60 67.52 I 2 6 34.50 9.34 30.69 8.02 22.67 2 10 I 9 6 25.16 4 2 2 Linseed cake 106.40 20.86 85.54 103.87 114 7 44.8o 7.79 37.05 6 2 31.36 6.71 24.65 3 I 2 3 10 3 Decorticated See also:cotton cake 147.84 19.27 128.57 156.13 2 12 I 69.44 7.18 62.26 10 5 44•8o 6.22 38.58 4 10 3 7 4 4 See also:Palm-See also:nut cake 56.00 17.86 38.14 46.31 0 15 5 26.88 6.68 20.20 3 4 11.20 5.73 5.47 0 8 o 19 5 5 Undecorti- cated cot- 84.00 15.66 68.34 82.99 I 7 8 44.80 5.85 38.95 6 6 44.80 5.07 39.73 5 0 119 2 ton cake . 6 See also:Cocoa-nut cake . 76.16 15.66 60.50 73.47 I 4 6 31.36 5.85 25.51 4 3 44.80 5.07 39.73 5 0 113 9 7 See also:Rape cake 109.76 12.50 97.26 I18•II 119 4 56.00 4.69 51.31 8 7 33.60 4.09 29.51 3 8 2 II 7 8 Peas 80.64 17.86 62.78 76.24 15 5 19.04 6.68 12.36 2 I 21.50 5.73 15.77 2 0 19 6 9 Beans 89.6o 17.86 71.74 87.12 I 9 0 24.64 6.68 17.96 3 0 29.12 5.73 23.39 2 I1 114 II to Lentils 94.08 17.86 76.22 92.56 5 Io 10 16.8o 6.68 10.12 I 8 15.68 5.73 9.95 I 3 13 9 II Tares (See also:seed) 94.08 17.86 76.22) 92.56 110 10 17.92 6.68 11.24 110 17.92 5.73 12.19 5 6 114 2 12 See also:Maize . 38.08 17.38 20.70 25.14 0 8 5, 13.44 6.50 6.94 I 2 8.29 5.56 2.73 0 4 0 9 II 13 See also:Wheat 40.32 17.38 22.94 27.86 0 9 3 19.04 6.5o 12.54 2 I 11.87 5.56 6.31 0 9 0 12 I 14 See also:Malt . 38.08 17.86 20.22 24.55 0 8 2 17.92 6.68 11.24 I 10 II.20 5.73 5.47 0 8 o to 8 15 See also:Barley 36.96 17.38 19.58 23.78 0 7 II 16.8o 6.50 10.30 I 9 12.32 5.56 6.76 0 10 o lo 6 16 Oats 44.8o 16.68 28.12 34.15 0 II 5 13'44 6.24 7.2o I 2 11.20 5.40 5.80 0 9 0 13 4 17 See also:Rice See also:meal .

42.56 16.68 25.88 31.43 0 10 6 (13.44) 6.24 7.20 I 2 (8.29) 5'40 2.89 0 4 0 I2 0 18 See also:

Locust beans 26.88 13.90 12.98 15.76 0 5 3 .. 5.19 .. .. .. 4.42 .. 19 Malt coombs 87.36 15.66 71.70 87.07 I 9 0 44.80 5.85 38.95 6 6 44.80 5.07 39.73 5 0 2 0 6 20 See also:Fine See also:pollard 54.88 16.68 38.20 46.39 0 15 6 64.96 6.24 58.72 9 9 32.70 5.40 27.30 3 5 t 8 8 21 Coarse pol- See also:lard 56.00 15.66 40.34 48.99 0 16 4 78.40 5.85 72.55 12 I 33.60 5.07 28.53 3 7 1 12 0 22 See also:Bran 56.00 13.90 42.10 51.12 0 17 0 80.64 5.19 75.45 12 7 32.48 4.42 28.06 3 6 113 I 23 See also:Clover See also:hay 53.76 8.94 44.82 54.43 0 18 2 12.77 3.35 9.42 I 7 33.60 2.94 30.66 3 10 I 3 7 24 Meadow hay 33.60 8.36 25.24 30.65 0 10 3 8.96 3.10 5.86 o 35.84 2.62 33.22 4 2 0 15 5 25 See also:Pea See also:straw . 22.40 7.83 14.57 17.69 0 5 5I 7.84 2.91 4.93 0 10 22.40 2.46 19.94 2 6 0 9 3 26 See also:Oat 11.20 6.95 straw . 27 Wheat straw 10•08 5.98 4.25 5.16 0 I 9 5.38 2.6o 2.78 0 6 22.40 2.29 20•1 I 2 6 o 4.10 4.98 0 t 8 5.38 2.23 3.15 0 6 17.92 I.96 15.96 2 0 0 4 9 28 Barley straw 8.96 5.46 3.50 4.25 0 I 5 4.03 2.04 1.99 0 4 22.40 1.8o 20.6o 2 7 0 4 4 29 See also:Bean straw 20.16 5.68 14.48 17.58 0 5 10 6.72 2.14 4.58 0 9 22.40 1.80 20.60 2 7 0 9 2 30 Potatoes . 5.60 2.07 3.53 4.29 0 I 5 3.36 0.78 2.58 0 5 12.32 o•66 II.66 I 5 0 3 3 31 Carrots 4.48 P46 3.02 3.67 0 I 3 2.02 0.54 I.48 0 3 6.27 0.49 9 3 32 Parsnips . 4.93 1.67 3.26 3.96 o I 4 4.26 0.63 3.63 0 7 8•06 0.49 7.57 o II 0 2 X10 33 Mangel wur- zels 4.93 I'32 3.61 4.38 0 I 6 P57 0.49 I•08 o 2 8.96 0.49 8'47 1, I 0 2 9 34 See also:Swedish turnips . 5.6o 1.14 4.46 5.42 0 5 10 1.34 0.44 0.90 0 2 4.93 0.33 4.6o 0 7 0 2 7 35 Yellow tur- 36 Wipe t. 4.48 0.93 3.55 4.31 0 I 5 (P34) 0.34 I.00 0 2 (4.93) 0.33 (4.6o) 0 7 0 2 2 it- 4'03 0.84 3.19 3.87 0 I 3 1.12 0.31 0.81 0 2 6.72 0.33 6.39 0 10 0 2 3 nips .

one-fifth from year to year to the eighth year back. The results of the estimates of compensation-value so made are given for the five yields of 6, 8, ro, 12 and 14 quarts of milk per head per day respectively in See also:

Lawes and See also:Gilbert's See also:paper' on the valuation of the manures. obtained by the consumption of foods for the production of milk, which may be consulted for See also:fuller details. It must, however, be See also:borne in mind that when cows are fed in sheds or yards the manure is generally liable to greater losses than is the case with fattening oxen. The manure of the cow contains much more See also:water in proportion to solid matter than that of the ox. Water will, besides, frequently be used for washing, and it may be that a See also:good See also:deal of the manure is washed into drains and lost. In the event, therefore, of a claim for compensation, the management and disposal of the manure requires the See also:attention of the valuer. Indeed, the varying circumstances that will arise in practice must be carefully considered. Bearing these in mind, the estimates may be accepted as at any See also:rate the best approximation to the truth Journ. See also:Roy. Agric. See also:Soc., 5898. that existing knowledge provides; and they should be found sufficient for the requirements of practical use.

Obviously they will be more directly applicable in the case of cows feeding entirely on the foods enumerated in the list, and not depending largely on grass; but, even when the animals are partially grass-fed, the value of the manure derived from the additional dry food or roots may be estimated according to the See also:

scale given.

End of Article: MANURIAL VALUE OF FOOD CONSUMED IN THE PRODUCTION OF

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