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Ochakov and by the fort of Kinburn, erected on a narrow headland opposite, while several forts surround Nikolayev on both sides of the Bug and protect it from an attack by See also:

LAND

land. Over the See also:

bar at Ochakov the See also:

WATER

water has been deepened to 25 ft., and over the bar of the Dnieper to 20 ft. by dredging. The town, which occupies two See also:

FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat peninsulas between the Bug and the Ingul, extends up the See also:

banks of the latter, while its suburbs reach still farther out into the See also:

STEPPE (from the Russ. stepi, a waste)

steppe. The streets are wide, and intersect one another at right angles. The See also:

BANK

bank of the Ingul is taken up with See also:

SHIPBUILDING

shipbuilding yards, docks, slips and various workshops of the See also:

ADMIRALTY, HIGH COURT OF

admiralty for the construction of See also:

ARMOUR, PHILIP DANFORTH (1832-1901)

armour-plates, guns, boilers, &c. On the river there is a floating See also:

DOCK

dock for armoured See also:

SHIPS

ships.

Before the See also:

CRIMEAN

Crimean See also:

War the activity of the See also:

DOCKYARDS

dockyards was very See also:

GREAT

great; the suburbs—which belong to the admiralty—were See also:

BOUND, or BOUNDARY (from O. Fr. bonde, Med. Lat. bodena or butina, a frontier line)

bound to See also:

SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply the necessary hands to the number of 3000 every See also:

day, and all the inhabitants had to perform compulsory service. Since 187o the construction of armoured ships and See also:

TORPEDO

torpedo-boats has been carried on here. From 1893 Nikolayev was the chief See also:

PORT

port for the See also:

RUSSIAN

Russian volunteer See also:

FLEET

fleet, which sailed to and fro between this port and See also:

VLADIVOSTOK

Vladivostok until the Russo-See also:

JAPANESE

Japanese War of 1904-05. Nikolayev has See also:

steam See also:

FLOUR

flour-See also:

mills, See also:

IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron and machinery See also:

WORKS

works, saw-mills, See also:

SOAP

soap, See also:

TOBACCO

tobacco, See also:

VINEGAR

vinegar, See also:

CARRIAGE

carriage and agricultural machinery works. The See also:

FOREIGN

foreign exports consist almost entirely of cereals, especially See also:

wheat and See also:

rye, with a little See also:

SUGAR

sugar, iron and See also:

MANGANESE (symbol Mn; atomic weight, 54.93 (0=16)], a metallic chemical element. Its dioxide (pyrolusite)

manganese ore and oilcake. The See also:

TOTAL

total value reaches £7,000,000 to £9,000,000 annually. See also:

NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

Navigation is maintained during the whole See also:

winter by the aid of a powerful See also:

ICE (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Eis)

ice-breaker. Nikolayev is the chief See also:

MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market for the governments of Kherson, See also:

POLTAVA

Poltava, See also:

KHARKOV

Kharkov, See also:

EKATERINOSLAV

Ekaterinoslav and parts of See also:

Kiev, See also:

KURSK

Kursk and See also:

PODOLIA

Podolia. In addition to the naval See also:

HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour, there are the harbour of the Russian Steamship See also:

COMPANY

Company and the See also:

COASTING

coasting harbour, made in 1893; while large storehouses stand See also:

close to the commercial port, 2 M. from the town, at Popovaya-Balka on the Bug. The educational institutions include an See also:

ARTILLERY (the O. Fr. artiller, to equip with engines of war, probably comes from Late Lat. articulum, dim. of ars, art, cf. " engine " from ingenium, or of artus, joint)

artillery school, a school of navigation, two technical See also:

SCHOOLS

schools, an astronomical and meteorological See also:

OBSERVATORY

observatory, museums and See also:

LIBRARIES

libraries, and a hydrographical See also:

INSTITUTE (from Lat. instituere, to establish or set up)

institute. Amongst the public buildings, the See also:

CATHEDRAL

cathedral, which contains some See also:

GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

ITALIAN

Italian pictures, the See also:

THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre, the artillery See also:

ARSENAL

arsenal, the admiralty and other See also:

state buildings are worthy of mention. The remains of the See also:

Greek See also:

COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony See also:

Olbia have been discovered close to the confluence of the Ingul with the Bug, 10 m.

S. of Nikolayev. In See also:

MEDIEVAL

medieval times the See also:

COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country was under the See also:

LITHUANIANS

Lithuanians. and subsequently under the Zaporogian See also:

COSSACKS (Russ. Kazak; plural, Kazaki, from the Turki quzzaq, " adventurer, free-hooter ")

Cossacks. Russian colonists settled in the locality about the end of the 18th See also:

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, and after the fall of Ochakov, See also:

Prince See also:

POTEMKIN, GRIGORY ALEKSANDROVICH, PRINCE (1739-1791)

Potemkin established (1789) a See also:

WHARF

wharf on the Ingul which received the name of Nikolayev. (P. A. K.; J. T.

End of Article: NIKOLAYEV

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