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NOVALIS

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Originally appearing in Volume V19, Page 829 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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NOVALIS , the See also:

pseudonym of See also:FRIEDRICH See also:LEOPOLD, FREIHERR VON See also:HARDENBERG (1772-1801), See also:German poet and novelist. The name was taken, according to See also:family records, from an ancestral See also:estate. He was See also:born on the 2nd of May 1772 on his See also:father's estate at Oberwiederstedt in Prussian See also:Saxony. His parents were members of the Moravian (Herrnhuter) See also:sect, and the strict religious training of his youth is largely reflected in his See also:literary See also:works. From the gymnasium of See also:Eisleben he passed, in 1790, as a student of See also:philosophy, to the university of See also:Jena, where he was befriended by See also:Schiller. He next studied See also:law at See also:Leipzig, when he formed a friendship with Friedrich See also:Schlegel, and finally at See also:Wittenberg, where, in 1794, he took his degree. His father's See also:cousin, the Prussian See also:minister Hardenberg, now offered him a See also:government See also:post at See also:Berlin; but the father feared the See also:influence upon his son of the loose-living statesman, and sent him to learn the See also:practical duties of his profession under the Kreisamtmann (See also:district See also:administrator) of Tennstedt near See also:Langensalza. In the following See also:year he was appointed auditor to the government saltworks in See also:Weissenfels, of which his father was director. His grief at the See also:death in 1797 of Sophie von See also:Kuhn, to whom he had become betrothed in Tennstedt, found expression in the beautiful Hymre,l an See also:die Nacht (first published in the Athendum, 1800). A few months later he entered the See also:Mining See also:Academy of See also:Freiberg in Saxony to study See also:geology under See also:Professor See also:Abraham Gottlob See also:Werner (1750-1817), whom in the fragment Die Lehrlinge zu See also:Sais he immortalized as the " Meister." Here he again became engaged to be married, and the next two years were fruitful in poetical productions. In the autumn of 1799 he read at Jena to the admiring circle of See also:young romantic poets his Geistliche Lieder. Several of these, such as "Wenn alle untreu See also:werden," Wenn ich ihn nur habe," " tinter tausend frohen Stunden," still retain, as See also:church See also:hymns, See also:great popularity.

In 1800 he wasappointed Amtshauptmann (See also:

local See also:magistrate) in Thuringia, and was preparing to marry and See also:settle, when pulmonary See also:consumption rapidly set in, of which he died at Weissenfels on the 25th of See also:March 18o1. His works were issued in two volumes by his See also:friends See also:Ludwig See also:Tieck and Friedrich Schlegel (2 vols. 1802; a third See also:volume was added in 1846). They are for the most See also:part fragments, of which Heinrich von Ofterdingen, an unfinished See also:romance, is the See also:chief. It was undertaken at the instance of Tieck, and reflects the ideas and tendencies of the older Romantic School, of which Hardenberg was a leading member. Heinrich von Ofterdingen's See also:search for the mysterious " See also:blue See also:flower " is an See also:allegory of the poet's See also:life set in a romantic See also:medieval See also:world. Novalis, however, did not succeed in blending his mystic and philosophical conceptions into a harmonious whole. The " fragments " contain idealistic though paradoxical views on philosophy, See also:art, natural See also:science, See also:mathematics, &c. There are See also:editions of his collected works by C. Meisner and B. Wile (1898), by E. Heilborn (3 vols., 1901), and by J.

See also:

Minor (3 vols., 1907). Heinrich von Ofterdingen was published separately by J. See also:Schmidt in 1876. Novalis's See also:Correspondence was edited by J. M. Raich in 1880. See R. See also:Haym, Die romantische Schule (Berlin, 1870) ; A. See also:Schubart, Novalis' Leben, Dichten and Denken (1887) ; C. Busse, Novalis' Lyrik (1898) ; J. Bing, Friedrich von Hardenberg (See also:Hamburg, 1899), E. Heilborn, Friedrich von Hardenberg (Berlin, 1901).

See also:

Carlyle's See also:fine See also:essay on Novalis (1829) is well known.

End of Article: NOVALIS

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