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See also:PALM See also:SUNDAY (See also:Dominica palmarum) , the Sunday before See also:Easter, so called from the See also:custom, still observed in the See also:Roman See also:Catholic See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church, of blessing palm branches and carrying them in
procession in See also:commemoration of See also:Christ's triumphal entry into See also:Jerusalem. In the Western Church, Palm Sunday is counted as the first See also:day of See also:Holy See also:Week, and its ceremonies See also:- USHER (O. Fr. ussier, uissier, mod. huissier, from Lat. ostiarius, a door-keeper, ostium, doorway, entrance, os, mouth)
- USHER (or USSHER), JAMES (1581-1656)
usher in the See also:series of services, culminating in those of See also:Good See also:Friday, which commemorate the See also:Passion of the See also:Lord.
The ceremonies on Palm Sunday as celebrated now in the Roman Catholic Church are divided in three distinct parts: (1) The See also:solemn blessing of the palms, (2) the procession, (3) the See also:mass.
Branches of palm, See also:olive or sprouting See also:willow (hence in See also:England known as " palm ") having been placed before the See also:altar, or at the See also:Epistle See also:side, after Terce and the sprinkling of holy See also:water, the See also:priest, either in a See also:purple See also:cope or an See also:alb without See also:chasuble, proceeds to bless them. The ceremony begins with the singing by the See also:choir of the See also:anthem See also:Hosanna Filio See also:David; the collect follows; then the singing of a See also:lesson from See also:Exodus xv. by the subdeacon; then the See also:Gradual, reciting antiphonally the See also:conspiracy of the See also:chief priests and See also:Pharisees. and concluding with Christ's See also:prayer on Mt Olivet; then the See also:Gospel, sung by the See also:deacon in the See also:ordinary way, followed by a " continuation of the Holy Gospel " (Matt. xxi. and sqq.). After this the priest blesses the palms in a series of prayers, that those who receive them " may be protected in soul and See also:body," and that " into whatever See also:place they may be brought the inhabitants of that place may obtain Thy See also:benediction: and all adversity being removed, &c." The priest then sprinkles the palms thrice with holy water, saying the prayer See also:Asperges me, &c., and also incenses them thrice. The See also:principal of the See also:clergy See also:present then approaches and gives a palm to the celebrant, who then, in his turn, distributes the branches, first to the principal of the clergy, then to the deacon and sub-deacon, and to the other clergy in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order of See also:rank, and lastly to the laity, all of whom receive the palms kneeling, and See also:kiss the palm and the See also:hand of the celebrant. During the See also:distribution antiphons are sung.
The deacon now turns to the See also:people and says Procedamus in See also:pace, and the procession begins. It is headed by a thurifer carrying a smoking See also:thurible; then conies the sub-deacon carrying the See also:cross between two acolytes with lighted tapers; the clergy next in order, the celebrant coming last with the deacon on his See also:left, all carrying branches and singing antiphonally, so See also:long as the procession lasts, the See also:account of the entry into Jerusalem, ending with " See also:Benedictus qui venit in nomine Doming: Hosanna in excelsis." On returning to the church, two or four singers enter first and See also:close the doors, then, turning towards the procession outside, sing the first two verses of the hymn " Gloria, See also:laws et honor," those outside repeating them, and so on till the hymn is finished. This done, the subdeacon strikes the See also:door with the See also:staff of the cross, when it is immediately opened, and the procession enters singing. The mass that follows, characterized by all the outward signs of sorrow proper to Passion Week, is in striking contrast with the joyous See also:triumph of the procession.
In the Orthodox Eastern Church Palm Sunday (evpeaa$ or ioprr} rwv 0aiwv, &pr') f3a'iocbpos, or it j3aio¢bpos) is not included in Holy Week, but is regarded as a joyous festival commemorating Christ's triumphal entry into Jerusalem. There is no longer a procession; but the palms (in See also:Russia willow twigs) are blessed, and are held by the worshippers during the service.
The earliest extant account of a liturgical celebration of Palm Sunday is that given in the Peregrinatio Silviae (Eleutheriae),1 which See also:dates from the 4th See also:century and contains a detailed account of the Holy Week ceremonies at Jerusalem by a See also:Spanish See also:lady
of rank:
The actual festival began at one o'See also:clock with a service in the church on the See also:Mount of See also:Olives; at three o'clock clergy and people went in procession, singing See also:hymns, to the See also:scene of the See also:Ascension; two See also:hours of prayer, singing and See also:reading of appropriate Scriptures followed, until, at five o'clock the reading of the passage from the Gospel telling how " the See also:children with olive branches and palms go to meet the Lord, and cry: ' Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord ' " gave the See also:signal for the See also:crowd to break up, and, carrying branches of olive and palm, to conduct the See also:bishop, in eo typo quo tune See also:Dominus deductus eat? with cries of " Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord!" to the Church of the Resurrection in Jerusalem. where a further service was held.
This celebration would seem to have been long established at Jerusalem, and there is See also:evidence that in the 4th and 5th centuries it had already been copied in other parts of the See also:East. In the See also:West, however, it was not introduced until much later. To See also:Pope See also:Leo I. (d. 461) the present Dominica paimarum was
I The See also:text is published among the appendices to See also:Duchesne's Origines du culte Chretien (2nd ed., 1898), p. 486, " Procession du soir."
2 Drews takes this to mean " See also:riding on an See also:ass."known as Dominica passionis, Passion Sunday, and the Western Church treated it as a day, not of rejoicing, but of See also:mourning. The earliest See also:record in the West of the blessing of the palms and the subsequent procession is the See also:liber ordinum of the West See also:Gothic Church (published by Ferotin, See also:Paris, 1904, pp. 178 sqq.), which dates from the 6th century; this shows plainly that the ceremonial of the procession had been borrowed from Jerusalem. As to how far, and at what See also:period, it became See also:common there is very little evidence. For England, the earliest record is the mention by See also:Aldhelm, bishop of See also:Sherborne (d. 709), in his De laudibus virginitatis (cap. 30, See also:Migne See also:Patrol. See also:Lat. 89, p. 128), of a sacrosancta palmarum solemnitas, which probably means a procession, since he speaks of the Benedictus qui venit, &c., being sung antiphonally. As the See also:middle ages advanced the procession became more and more popular and increasingly a dramatic See also:representation of the triumphal progress of Christ, the bishop riding on an ass or See also:horse, as in the East .3 See also:Flowers, too, were blessed, as well as palms and willow, and carried in
the procession (hence the names pasche floridum, dominica florum et ramorum, See also:les pdques fleuries).
The origin of the ceremony of blessing the palms is more obscure. It is not essential to the dramatic See also:character of the celebration and for centuries seems to have formed no usual See also:part of it. Herr Drews (Realencyklop. XXI. p. 417, 40-60) ascribes to it an entirely See also:separate and See also:pagan origin. It 1s significant that olive and willow should have been chosen for benediction together with, or as substitutes for palm, and that an exorcizing See also:power should have been ascribed to the consecrated branches: they were to heal disease, See also:- WARD
- WARD, ADOLPHUS WILLIAM (1837- )
- WARD, ARTEMUS
- WARD, EDWARD MATTHEW (1816-1879)
- WARD, ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS (1844-1911)
- WARD, JAMES (1769--1859)
- WARD, JAMES (1843– )
- WARD, JOHN QUINCY ADAMS (1830-1910)
- WARD, LESTER FRANK (1841– )
- WARD, MARY AUGUSTA [MRS HUMPHRY WARD]
- WARD, WILLIAM (1766-1826)
- WARD, WILLIAM GEORGE (1812-1882)
ward off devils, protect the houses where they were set up against See also:lightning and See also:fire, and the See also:fields where they were planted against See also:hail and storms. But healing power had been ascribed to the olive in pagan antiquity, and in the same way the willow had from See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time immemorial been credited by the See also:Teutonic peoples with the See also:possession of protective qualities. It was natural that olive and willow should have been chosen for the Palm Sunday ceremony, for they are the earliest trees to bud in the See also:spring; their See also:consecration, however, may be explained by the intention to Christianize a pagan belief, and it is easy to see how their mystic virtues came in this way to be ascribed to the palm also. When and where the custom first arose is unknown.
Of the reformed churches, the Church of England alone includes Palm Sunday in the Holy Week celebrations. The blessing of the palms and the procession were, however, abolished at the See also:Reformation, and the name "Palm Sunday," though it survives in popular usage, is not mentioned in the See also:Book of Common Prayer. The intention of the compilers of the Prayer-book seems to have been to restore the " Sunday next before Easter," as it is styled, to its earlier Western character of Passion Sunday, the second lesson at See also:matins (Matt. See also:xxvi. 5) and the See also:special collect, Epistle (Phil. ii. 5) and Gospel (Matt. See also:xxvii. 1) at the celebration of Holy Communion all dwelling on the humiliation and passion of Christ, with no reference to the triumphal entry into Jerusalem. The See also:modern revival, in certain churches of an " advanced " type, of the ceremonies of blessing the palms and carrying them in procession has no See also:official See also:warrant, and is therefore without any significance
as illustrating the authoritative point of view of the Church of England.
Of the Lutheran churches only that of See also:Brandenburg seems to have kept the Palm Sunday procession for a while. This was
prescribed by the Church order (Kirchenordnung) of 1540,
but without the ceremony of blessing the palms; it was
abolished by the revised Church order of 1572•
See the See also:article "Palmsonntag" in Wetzer and Welte, Kirchenlexikon (2nd ed.), ix. 1319 sqq.: article " Woche, grease," by Drews in See also:Herzog-Hauck, Realencyklopadie (3rd ed., See also:Leipzig, 1908), xxi. 413; Wiepen, Palmsonntags prozessionen and Palmesel (See also:Bonn, 1903); L. Duchesne, Origines du See also:tulle Chretien (and ed., Paris, 1898), p. 237. For ceremonies anciently observed in England on Palm Sunday see M. E. C. See also:Walcott, Sacred See also:Archaeology (1868) and J. See also:Brand, Popular antiquities (ed. 187o).
End of Article: PALM SUNDAY (Dominica palmarum)
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