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PASSAGLIA, CARLO (1812-1887)

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Originally appearing in Volume V20, Page 886 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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PASSAGLIA, CARLO (1812-1887) , See also:Italian divine, was See also:born at See also:Lucca on the 2nd of May 1812. Passaglia was soon destined for the priesthood, and was placed under the care of the See also:Jesuits at the See also:age of fifteen. He became successively See also:doctor in See also:mathematics, See also:philosophy and See also:theology in the university of See also:Rome. In 1844 he was made See also:professor in the Collegio Romano, the well-known Jesuit See also:college in Rome. In 1845 he took the vows as a member of the Jesuit See also:order. In 1848, during the See also:expulsion of the Jesuits from Rome which followed on the revolutionary troubles in the Italian See also:peninsula, he paid a brief visit to See also:England. On his return to See also:Italy he founded, with the assistance of See also:Father Cure; and See also:Luigi Taparelli d'See also:Azeglio, the celebrated See also:organ of the Jesuit order entitled the Civiltd Cattolica. In 1854 came the decision of the See also:Roman See also:Church on the See also:long-debated question of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin. Into the agitation for the promulgation of this See also:dogma Passaglia threw himself with See also:great eagerness, and by so doing recommended himself strongly to See also:Pope See also:Pius IX. But his favour with the pope was of See also:short duration. In 1859, when the See also:war between See also:Austria and See also:France (the first step towards the unification of Italy) See also:broke out, Passaglia espoused the popular See also:side. He took See also:refuge at See also:Turin, and under the See also:influence of See also:Cavour he wrote an Epistola ad Episcopos Catholicos See also:pro causa Italica, in which, like Liverani before him, he boldly attacked the temporal See also:power of the pope.

For this he was expelled from the order of Jesuits, his See also:

book was put on the See also:Index, and his figure struck out, by the pope's order, from a picture painted to commemorate the See also:proclamation of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception. A refuge from the anger of the pope was afforded him in the Casa Cavour at Turin, the See also:house in which Cavour was born. There he laboured for Italian unity with indomitable See also:energy in the See also:north of Italy, in See also:conjunction with See also:Cardinal d'See also:Andrea in the See also:south, and he collected the signatures of 9000 priests to an address to the pope in opposition to the temporal power, and in favour of abandoning all resistance to the See also:union of Italy under a See also:king of the House of See also:Savoy. He and the 9000 priests were excommunicated on the 6th of See also:October 1862. Passagilia disregarded his See also:excommunication, and continued his See also:work as professor of moral philosophy at Turin, to which he had been appointed in 1861, and began a See also:series of See also:Advent addresses in the church of See also:San Carlo at See also:Milan. But on arriving in order to preach his second See also:sermon he found himself met by an See also:inhibition on the See also:part of Mgr Caccia, the See also:administrator , of the archdiocese of Milan. Elected See also:deputy in the Italian See also:parliament, he still advocated strongly the cause of Italian See also:independence, and at a later See also:period wrote a See also:defence of the rights of the episcopate under the See also:title of La Causa di sua eminenza it cardinals d'Andrea. He also (1864) wrote against See also:Renan's See also:Vie de Jesus. Eight days before his See also:death he endeavoured to be reconciled to the pope, and made a full retractation. He died at Turin on the 12th of See also:March 1887.

End of Article: PASSAGLIA, CARLO (1812-1887)

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