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SANTERRE, ANTOINE JOSEPH (1752-1809)

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Originally appearing in Volume V24, Page 191 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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SANTERRE, See also:ANTOINE See also:JOSEPH (1752-1809) , See also:French revolutionist, was See also:born in See also:Paris on the 16th of See also:March 1752. Like his See also:father, he was a See also:brewer, and gained See also:great popularity in See also:faubourg St Antoine by his beneficence. In 1789 he was given the command of a See also:battalion of the See also:National Guard, and took See also:part in the storming of the See also:Bastille. After the affair of the Champ de See also:Mars (See also:July 17th, 1791) a See also:warrant was issued for his See also:arrest, and he went into hiding. He emerged again in the following See also:year, and took part in the events of the loth of See also:June and the loth of See also:August 1792, when he led the See also:people of the faubourg St Antoine to the See also:assault of the Tuileries. He, however, protected the royal See also:family against the violence of the See also:mob and, on the 7th of August, even attempted to bring about a reconciliation, but his efforts were frustrated by See also:Marie Antoinette. He was made commanderin-See also:chief of the National Guard, and appointed by the See also:Convention warder to the See also:king, in which position he did all in his See also:power to alleviate See also:Louis's captivity. He notified Louis of the See also:sentence of See also:death, and was See also:present at the See also:execution. Accounts differ as to his conduct at the execution, some stating that he ordered a See also:roll of drums to drown the king's See also:voice. The family tradition, how-ever, is that he silenced the drums to enable Louis to speak to the people, and that See also:General J. F. Berruyer, who was in See also:sole command, ordered the drums to See also:beat and thus drowned the last words of the king's speech.

Santerre was appointed marechal de See also:

camp on the 23rd of See also:October 1792, and subsequently general of See also:division. In May 1793 he was temporarily replaced as See also:commander of the National Guard in Paris, so that he might take command of a force which he had organized to operate in La See also:Vendee. As a military commander he was not a conspicuous success, his debut being signalized by the defeat of the republicans at See also:Saumur. He was variously reported to have been wounded and killed in this affair, and the wits of the reactionary party circulated his See also:epitaph: Ci-grit le general Santerre Qus n'eut de Mars que la biere. He was scarcely more popular among the sans-culottes of his See also:army. Wounded soldiers, returned to Paris, reported that he was living let-bas, " in See also:Oriental luxury," and complained that, since their defeat had been due either to his See also:treason or his incompetence, he should have been either guillotined " like other generals " or superseded. He was, however, not in supreme command, and therefore not responsible for the See also:ill conduct of the See also:war; he distinguished himself in various actions; and when, in October, he returned to Paris his popularity in the faubourg St Antoine was undiminished. But his See also:report on this expedition, in which he See also:drew See also:attention to the evil See also:plight of the republican arms in the Vendee, aroused suspicion. He was accused of " Orleanism " and imprisoned, and was not released until after the fall of See also:Robespierre. He then gave in his resignation as general, and returned to commerce_; but his brewery was ruined, and after many vicissitudes of See also:fortune he died in poverty in Paris on the 6th of See also:February 18o9. See A. Carro, Santerre general de la republique francaise (Paris, 1847), compiled from Santerre's MS. notes; P.

Robiquet, Le Personnel municipal de Paris See also:

pendant la Revolution (Paris, 189o); C. L. Chassin, La Vendee et la Chouannerie (Paris, 1892 seq.); " L'Etat See also:des services de Santerre dresse See also:par lui-meme," in the third See also:volume of Souvenirs et memoires (1899), published by See also:Paul Bonnefon.

End of Article: SANTERRE, ANTOINE JOSEPH (1752-1809)

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