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SANTAROSA, ANNIBALE SANTORRE DI ROSSI...

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Originally appearing in Volume V24, Page 190 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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SANTAROSA, ANNIBALE SANTORRE DI See also:ROSSI DE POMAROLO, See also:COUNT OF (1783-1825) , Piedmontese insurgent,and See also:leader in the revival (Resorgimento) of See also:Italy, was See also:born at See also:Savigliano near Coni on the 18th of See also:November 1783. He was the son of a See also:general officer in the Sardinian See also:army who was killed at the See also:battle of See also:Mondovi in 1796. The See also:family had been recently ennobled and was not See also:rich. Santarosa entered the service of See also:Napoleon during the See also:annexation of See also:Piedmont to See also:France, and was sub-See also:prefect of See also:Spezia from 1812 to 1814. He remained, however, loyal in sentiment to the See also:house of See also:Savoy, and, after the restoration of the See also:king of See also:Sardinia in 1814, he continued in the public service. During the brief See also:campaign of the Sardinian army on the See also:south-eastern frontier of France in 1815 he served as See also:captain of grenadiers, and was afterwards employed in the See also:ministry of See also:war. The revolutionary and imperial See also:epoch had seen a See also:great development of See also:Italian patriotism, and Santarosa was aggrieved by the great See also:extension given to the See also:Austrian See also:power in Italy in 1815, which reduced his own See also:country to a position of inferiority. The revolutionary outbreak of 182o, which extended from See also:Spain to See also:Naples, seemed to afford the patriots an opportunity to secure the See also:independence of Italy. When in 1821 the Austrian army was moved south to coerce the Neapolitans, Santarosa entered into a See also:conspiracy to obtain the intervention of the Piedmontese in favour of the Neapolitans by an attack on the Austrian lines of communication. The conspirators endeavoured to obtain the co-operation of the See also:prince of See also:Carignano, afterwards King See also:Charles See also:Albert, who was known to See also:share their patriotic aspirations. On the 6th of See also:March 1821 Santarosa and three associates had an interview with the prince, and on the loth they carried out the military " pronunciamiento " which proclaimed the See also:Spanish constitution. The See also:movement had no real popular support, and very soon collapsed.

During the brief predominance of his party Santarosa showed great decision of See also:

character. He was arrested and would have died on the See also:scaffold if sympathisers had not rescued him. He fled to France, and lived for a See also:time in See also:Paris under the name of See also:Conti. Here he wrote in See also:French and published in 1822 his La revolution piemontaise, which attracted the See also:notice of See also:Victor See also:Cousin, by whom he was aided and concealed. The French See also:government discovered his hiding-See also:place, and he was imprisoned and expelled from Paris. After a See also:short stay first at Alengon and then in See also:Bourges, he passed over to See also:England, where he found See also:refuge in See also:London with Ugo See also:Foscolo, and made a few See also:English See also:friends. He went to See also:Nottingham, in the See also:hope of being able to support himself by teaching French and Italian. The miseries of See also:exile rather than any hope of See also:advantage led him to accompany his countryman Giacinto Collegno to See also:Greece in November 1824. The Italians were See also:ill-treated by the Greeks and were not well looked on by the Philhellene committees, who thought that their presence would offend the See also:powers. Santarosa was killed, apparently because he was too miserable and desperate to care to See also:save his See also:life, when the See also:Egyptian troops attacked the See also:island of Sphacteria, near See also:Navarino, on the 8th of May 1825. See Atto Vannucci, I See also:Martini della liberta italiana (See also:Milan, 1897), and vol. ix. of the See also:series called I Contemporanei italiani (See also:Turin), in which there is a life by Angelo Degubernatis. Santarosa's See also:correspondence was edited by Signor Bianchi, Lettere di Santorre Santarosa (Turin, 1877).

A See also:

personal description of him by Victor Cousin will be found in the Revue See also:des deux mondes for the 1st of March 184o. Cousin dedicated to him the See also:fourth See also:volume of his See also:translation of See also:Plato, and the See also:long See also:dedication is a compressed See also:biography.

End of Article: SANTAROSA, ANNIBALE SANTORRE DI ROSSI DE POMAROLO, COUNT OF (1783-1825)

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