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people. To the first tribunate of Saturninus is probably to be assigned his law on majestas, the exact provisions of which are unknown, but its See also:

OBJECT

object was probably to strengthen the See also:

POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power of the tribunes and the popular party; it dealt with the minuta majestas (diminished authority) of the Roman people, that is, with all acts tending to impair the integrity of the See also:

COMMONWEALTH

Commonwealth, being thus more comprehensive than the See also:

MODERN

modern word " See also:

TREASON (Fr. trahison, Lat. traditio)

treason." One of the chief See also:

OBJECTS

objects of Saturninus's hatred was Q. See also:

CAECILIUS

Caecilius See also:

METELLUS

Metellus Numidicus, who, when See also:

CENSOR (from Lat. censere, assess, estimate; in Gr. rt s ris)

censor, endeavoured to remove Saturninus from the senate on the ground of immorality, but his colleague refused to assent. In order to ingratiate himself with the people, who still cherished the memory of the Gracchi, Saturninus took about with him Equitius, a paid freedman, who gave himself out to be the son of Tiberius See also:

GRACCHUS

Gracchus. Although the See also:

MOTHER

mother of the Gracchi refused to acknowledge him, the people stoned Metellus because he would not admit his claim to citizenship. Equitius was afterwards elected tribune. Marius, on his return to See also:

Rome after his victory over the See also:

CIMBRI

Cimbri, finding himself isolated in the senate, entered into a compact with Saturninus and his ally C. Servilius Glaucia, and the three formed a See also:

KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of triumvirate, supported by the veterans of Marius and the needy See also:

RABBLE

rabble. By the aid of See also:

BRIBERY (from the O. Fr. briberie, begging or vagrancy, bribe, Mid. Lat. briba, signifying a piece of bread given to beggars; the Eng. " bribe " has passed through the meanings of alms, blackmail and extortion, to gifts received or given in order to influ

bribery and assassination Marius was elected (loo See also:

consul for the See also:

SIXTH

sixth See also:

time, Glaucia See also:

PRAETOR (Lat. prae-itor, " he who goes before," "a leader")

praetor, and Saturninus tribune for the second time. Saturninus now brought forward an agrarian law, an See also:

EXTENSION (Lat. ex, out ; tendere, to stretch)

extension of the See also:

AFRICAN

African law already alluded to. It was proposed that all the land See also:

north of the Padus (Po) lately in See also:

possession of the Cimbri, including that of the'See also:

INDEPENDENT

independent See also:

CELTIC

Celtic tribes which had been temporarily occupied by them, should be held available for See also:

DISTRIBUTION (Lat. distribuere, to deal out)

distribution among the veterans of Marius. This was unjust, since the land was really the See also:

PROPERTY

property of the provincials who had been dispossessed by the Cimbri.

Colonies were to be founded in See also:

SICILY (Ital. Sicilia)

Sicily, See also:

ACHAEA

Achaea and See also:

MACEDONIA

Macedonia, on the See also:

PURCHASE

purchase of which the " Tolosan See also:

gold," the See also:

temple treasures embezzled by Q. Servilius See also:

CAEPIO, QUINTUS SERVILIUS

Caepio (praetor r io), was to be employed. Further, Italians were to be admitted to these colonies, and as they were to be See also:

burgess colonies, the right of the Italians to equality with the See also:

Romans was thereby partially recognized. This See also:

PART

part of the See also:

BILL

bill was resented by many citizens, who were unwilling to allow others _ to See also:

SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share their privileges. A clause provided that, within five days after the passing of the law, every senator should take an See also:

OATH (0. Eng. ddh)

oath to observe it, under See also:

PENALTY (Lat. poena, punishment)

penalty of being expelled from the senate and heavily fined. All the senators subsequently took the oath except Metellus, who went into See also:

EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile. Saturninus also brought in a bill, the object of which was to gain the support of the rabble by supplying corn at a nominal See also:

price. The quaestor Q. Servilius Caepio 'declared that the See also:

TREASURY

treasury could not stand the See also:

STRAIN (through O. Fr. straindre, estraindre, mod. i treindre, from Lat. stringere, to draw tight, related to stress, stretch, string, &c.)

strain, and Saturninus's own colleagues interposed their See also:

VETO (Lat. for " I forbid ")

veto. Saturninus ordered the voting to continue, and Caepio dispersed the See also:

MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting by violence. The senate declared the proceedings null and void, because See also:

THUNDER

thunder had been heard; Saturninus replied that the senate had better remain quiet; otherwise the thunder might be followed by See also:

HAIL (O. Eng. kcegl and hagol, 1 cf. the cognate Teutonic hagel, as in German, Dutch, Swedish, &c.; the Gr. K&XX17E, pebble, is probably allied)

hail. The bills (leges Appuleiae) were finally passed by the aid of the Marian veterans.

Marius, finding himself overshadowed by his colleagues and compromised by their excesses, thought seriously of breaking with them, and Saturninus and Glaucia saw that their only See also:

hope According to some, the son of the Caepio mentioned above. But See also:

CHRONOLOGICAL

chronological reasons make the relationship doubtful.of safety See also:

lay in their retention of See also:

OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office. Saturninus was elected tribune for the third time for the See also:

YEAR

year beginning the loth of See also:

DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December zoo, and Glaucia, although at the time praetor and therefore not eligible until after the See also:

LAPSE (Lat. lapses, a slip or departure)

lapse of two years, was a See also:

CANDIDATE

candidate for the consulship. M. See also:

ANTONIUS

Antonius the orator was elected without opposition; 'the other government candidate, See also:

GAIUS

Gaius See also:

MEMMIUS, GAIUS (incorrectly called Gemellus, " The Twin ")

Memmius, who seemed to have the better See also:

CHANCE (through the O. Fr. cheance, from the Late Lat. cadentia, things happening, from cadere, to fall out, happen; cf. " case ")

chance of success, was beaten to See also:

DEATH

death by the hired agents of Saturninus and Glaucia, while the voting was actually going on. This produced a See also:

COMPLETE

complete revulsion of public feeling. The senate met on the following See also:

day, declared Saturninus and Glaucia public enemies, and called upon Marius to defend the See also:

State. Marius had no alternative but to obey. Saturninus, defeated in a pitched See also:

BATTLE

battle in the See also:

FORUM (Lat. from foris, " out of doors ")

Forum (Dec. zo), took See also:

REFUGE

refuge with his followers in the Capitol, where, the See also:

WATER

water See also:

SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply having been cut off, they were forced to capitulate. Marius, having assured them that their lives would be spared, removed them to the See also:

CURIA

Curia Hostilia, intending to proceed against them according to law. But the more impetuous members of the aristocratic party climbed on to the roof, stripped off the tiles, and stoned Saturninus and many others to death. Glaucia, who had escaped into a See also:

house, was dragged out and killed.

End of Article: SATURNINUS, LUCIUS APPULEIUS

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