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QUINTUS CAECILIUS METELLUS, son of (I), became consul in 206 as a reward for his services at the Metaurus. In 205 he was dictator for holding the comitia; in 201 one of the commissioners for dividing the public See also:

LAND

land in Samnium and See also:

APULIA (sometimes APPULIa in manuscripts but never in inscriptions)

Apulia amongst the See also:

ROMAN

Roman veterans; in 186 he conducted an See also:

EMBASSY

embassy to See also:

MACEDONIA

Macedonia, afterwards proceeding to See also:

PELOPONNESUS (" Island of Pelops ")

Peloponnesus to investigate the See also:

QUARREL

quarrel between See also:

SPARTA (Gr. Eirapril or AaKe5atycav)

Sparta and the See also:

ACHAEANS ('AXaioi, Lat. Achivi)

Achaeans. He is the Metellus who caused the poet See also:

NAEVIUS, GNAEUS (c. 264–? 194 B.C.)

Naevius (q.v.) to be imprisoned and exiled for having attacked him on the See also:

STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage. 3. LUCIUS CAECILIUS METELLUS, possibly son of (I), when the disastrous See also:

NEWS

news of the See also:

BATTLE

battle of See also:

CANNAE (mod. Canne)

Cannae (216) reached Rome, proposed to a number of See also:

young nobles that they should leave See also:

Italy and offer their services to some See also:

FOREIGN

foreign ruler, but they were prevented by the threats of the younger Scipio from carrying out their purpose. For this offence, when See also:

QUAESTOR (from Lat. quaero, investigate)

quaestor two years later, he was degraded by the censors from his tribe to the class of See also:

AERARII (from Lat. aes, in its subsidiary sense of " poll-tax ")

aerarii. Nevertheless, he was elected one of the tribunes for the following See also:

YEAR

year, but his See also:

ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to See also:

CALL (from Anglo-Saxon ceallian, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch kallen, to talk or chatter)

call the censors to See also:

account for their See also:

ACTION

action proved unsuccessful in the See also:

FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

face of the opposition of his colleague. 4. QUINTUS CAECILIUS METELLUS MACEDONICUS (d. 115 B.C.), See also:

PRAETOR (Lat. prae-itor, " he who goes before," "a leader")

praetor 148 B.C., defeated the usurper See also:

ANDRISCUS

Andriscus (q.v.) in Macedonia and forced him to surrender. Under his superintendence the See also:

COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country was made a Roman See also:

province. In 146, he attacked the Achaeans to avenge an insult offered to a Roman embassy at See also:

Corinth.

He gained decided successes over them at Scarpheia and See also:

CHAERONEIA, or CHAERONEA

Chaeroneia, but was superseded by L. See also:

MUMMIUS, LUCIUS (2nd century B.c.)

Mummius. On his return to Italy he received the See also:

HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of a triumph and the See also:

TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of Macedonicus. Consul in 143, he reduced the Celtiberians in See also:

NORTHERN

northern See also:

Spain to obedience. In 131, when See also:

CENSOR (from Lat. censere, assess, estimate; in Gr. rt s ris)

censor with Q. Pompeius (they were the first two plebeian censors), he proposed that all citizens should be compelled to marry. He expelled a number of senators, one of whom, the See also:

TRIBUNE (med. Lat. tribune, from classical Lat. tribunal)

tribune C. Atinius See also:

LABEO, MARCUS ANTISTIUS (c. 50 B.C.–A.D. 18)

Labeo, proposed that he should be hurled from the Tarpeian See also:

rock; his See also:

LIFE

life was only saved through the intervention of another tribune. He was an opponent of the Gracchi, although not averse from moderate reform. He was a 'strict disciplinarian, a See also:

GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good general, and a type of the ancient Roman both in public and private life. He erected a splendid See also:

COLONNADE

colonnade in. the Campus Martins, and two temples dedicated to See also:

JUPITER

Jupiter Stator and See also:

JUNO

Juno. 5.

QUINTUS CAECILIUS METELLUS NUMIDICUS, consul 109, and See also:

COMMANDER

commander in the Jugurthine War. He defeated Jugurtha (q.v.) by the See also:

RIVER

river Muthul, and after a difficult See also:

march through the See also:

DESERT

desert took his stronghold, Thala. See also:

MARIUS, GAIUS (r55–86 B.c.)

Marius, however, who had been intriguing for the command, accused Metellus of protracting the war, and received the consulship for 107 with the provinceof See also:

NUMIDIA

Numidia. Metellus received a splendid triumph and the title of Numidicus. See also:

SATURNINUS, LUCIUS APPULEIUS

Saturninus, whom, as a censor he tried to remove from the senate, passed in See also:

LOO (formerly called " Lanterloo," Fr. lanturlu, the refrain of a popular 17th-century song)

loo n agrarian See also:

law, inserting a See also:

PROVISION (Lat. provisio)

provision that all senators should swear to it within five days. All complied but Metellus, who retired to See also:

ASIA

Asia. After Saturninus was killed he returned, and died (probably in 91). He was a See also:

man-of the highest integrity, a strict and efficient general, and one of the See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief leaders of the aristocratic party. He was a man of See also:

EDUCATION

education and learning, and See also:

CICERO

Cicero speaks highly of him as an orator. 6. QUINTUS CAECILIUS METELLUS See also:

PIUS

PIUS, SO called from his efforts to bring about the recall of his See also:

FATHER

father Numidicus from See also:

EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile. He was one of the commanders in the Social War, and defeated Q.

Pompaedius Silo, the Marsian See also:

LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader (88). See also:

SULLA, LUCIUS CORNELIUS (138–78 B.C.)

Sulla, on his departure for Asia, gave him proconsular command over See also:

south Italy. When Marius returned to Italy and joined See also:

Cinna, the soldiers, who had no confidence in the consul Gnaeus Octavius, wished Metellus to take command, but he refused. The soldiers deserted in large See also:

numbers, and considering it impossible to defend Rome, Metellus retired to See also:

Africa and afterwards to See also:

LIGURIA

Liguria, resuming his former proconsular command on Sulla's return. In the war against Marius he gained several important successes, and after his victory over C. See also:

NORBANUS, GAIUS

Norbanus at Faventia (82) he subdued the whole of upper Italy. Consul in 8o with Sulla, he went to Spain next year against See also:

SERTORIUS, QUINTUS

Sertorius, who pressed him hard till the arrival of See also:

POMPEY

Pompey in 76. Next year Metellus defeated Sertorius's See also:

LIEUTENANT

lieutenant Hirtuleius at Italica and See also:

SEGOVIA

Segovia, and joining Pompey rescued him from the consequences of a check at Sucro. From this time Sertorius See also:

GREW, NEHEMIAH (1641-1712)

grew weaker till his See also:

MURDER

murder in 72. In 71 Metellus returned to Rome and triumphed. He became See also:

PONTIFEX

pontifex See also:

maximus, and died probably at the end of 64. He was an upright man, of moderate ability.

7. QUINTUS CAECILIUS METELLUS CELER, See also:

legate of Pompey in Asia 65 B.C., praetor 63. He was despatched to cut off the See also:

RETREAT (O. Fr. retrete, mod. retraite, from Lat. retrahere, to draw back)

retreat of See also:

CATILINE [Lucius SERGIUS CATILINA] (C. I08-62 B.C.)

Catiline to the See also:

north by blocking the passes, and in 62 went into the province of Cisalpine See also:

Gaul with the title of proconsul, although he did not become consul till 6o. A strong supporter of the optimates and an enemy of Pompey, he strenuously opposed the agrarian law brought forward by the tribune Lucius Flavius, to provide for Pompey's veterans, and stood See also:

FIRM

firm even though imprisoned; the law had to be given up. He also tried, though fruitlessly, to obstruct See also:

Caesar's, agrarian law in 59. He died suddenly in the same year—it was usually supposed from See also:

POISON

poison administered by his wife See also:

CLODIA, VIA

Clodia. 8. QUINTUS CAECILIUS METELLUS See also:

NEPOS, son of a Metellus of the same name, so called because he was the See also:

GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson, of (4). He was legate to Pompey in the war against the Mediterranean pirates (67), and took See also:

PART

part in the Syrian See also:

CAMPAIGN

campaign. In 63 he returned to Rome, to assist Pompey in carrying out his plans. He violently attacked Cicero, and refused to allow him to deliver the customary speech on laying down See also:

OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office as consul; he even threatened to impeach him for having executed Roman citizens (referring to the Catilinarian conspirators) without a trial. In 62 his proposal that Pompey should be summoned to Italy to restore See also:

order was bitterly opposed by See also:

Cato, and on the See also:

day set down for the See also:

BILL

bill a fight took See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in the See also:

FORUM (Lat. from foris, " out of doors ")

forum.

Metellus fled to Pompey, but soon returned with him to Rome. In 6o, when praetor, he proposed a law for the abolition of the vectigalia in Italy. In 57 he was consul, but offered no opposition to the return of Cicero from exile. In 56 he was See also:

GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of Hither Spain, where he was engaged in hostilities against the Vaccaei with indifferent success. He appears to have died in Rome iir the following year. He was a See also:

mere creature of Pompey. 9. QUINTUS CAECILIUS METELLUS PIUS SCIPIO, son of P. Scipio Nasica, was adopted by (6). He was accused of See also:

BRIBERY (from the O. Fr. briberie, begging or vagrancy, bribe, Mid. Lat. briba, signifying a piece of bread given to beggars; the Eng. " bribe " has passed through the meanings of alms, blackmail and extortion, to gifts received or given in order to influ

bribery in 6o B.c., and defended by Cicero, to whom he had rendered valuable assistance during the Catilinarian See also:

CONSPIRACY (from Lat. conspirare, literally to breathe together, to agree, combine, and especially to form a secret plot)

conspiracy. In See also:

AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 52, he became consul through the See also:

INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of Pompey, who had married his daughter See also:

CORNELIA (end cent. Bc.)

Cornelia. In 49 he proposed that Caesar should disband his See also:

army within a definite time, under See also:

pain of being declared an enemy of the See also:

state.

After the outbreak of the See also:

CIVIL

civil war, the province of See also:

SYRIA

Syria was assigned to him, and he was about to See also:

PLUNDER

plunder the temple of See also:

ARTEMIS

Artemis at See also:

Ephesus when he was recalled by Pompey. He commanded the centre at Pharsalus, and afterwards went to Africa, where by Cato's influence he received the command. In 46 he was defeated at See also:

THAPSUS

Thapsus; while endeavouring to See also:

ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli

escape to Spain he See also:

fell into the hands of P. Sittius, and put himself to See also:

DEATH

death. His connexion with two great families gave him importance, but he was selfish and licentious, wanting in See also:

PERSONAL

personal courage, and his violence drove many from his party. IO. QUINTUS CAECILIUS METELLUS, surnamed Creticus, Roman general. Consul in 69 B.C., he was appointed to the command of the war against See also:

CRETE (Gr. Kp;rrrr; Turk. Kirid, Ital. Candia)

Crete, the headquarters of the pirates of the Mediterranean. Its subjugation proceeded slowly but surely until 67, when Pompey claimed the See also:

CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control of affairs in virtue of the See also:

POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers conferred upon him by the Gabinian law. Thereupon the Cretans, who had been treated with great harshness by Metellus, offered to surrender to Pompey, who enjoyed a reputation for leniency towards the conquered. Pompey accepted the offer and sent instructions to Metellus to suspend operations. Metellus refused and completed the See also:

CONQUEST

conquest of the See also:

ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island, which was annexed to See also:

CYRENE [mod. Ain Shahat-Grenna]

Cyrene and became a Roman province.

On Metellus's return to Rome the partisans of Pompey succeeded in keeping him out of a triumph until after the Catilinarian conspiracy, when he made his entry into the See also:

CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city and received the name Creticus in honour of his achievements. Metellus naturally joined the senatorial party in their opposition to Pompey, and had the See also:

SATISFACTION (Lat. salisfacerc, to satisfy)

satisfaction of preventing the ratification of what he had done in Asia. He was one of a See also:

COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission of three sent (6o) to investigate the state of affairs in Gaul, where disturbances were apprehended. He appears to have been alive in 54, but nothing further is known of him. On the family of the Metelli generally, see M. Wende, De Caeciliis Metellis, i. (See also:

BONN

Bonn, 1875), for its See also:

HISTORY

history up to the time of the Gracchi the new edition by P. Grobe of Drumann's Geschichte Roms, ii.; and the See also:

ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article s.v. " Caecilius " by F. Miinzer in Pauly-Wissowa's Realencyclopadie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, iii. pt. I (1897).

End of Article: METELLUS

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