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SCREAMER , a See also:bird inhabiting See also:Guiana and the See also:Amazon valley, so called in 1781 by T. See also:Pennant (Gen. Birds, p. 37) " from the violent See also:noise it makes "—the Palamedea cornuta of See also:Linnaeus. First made known in 1648 by G. de L. Marcgrav under the name of " Anhima," it was more fully described and better figured by See also:Buffon under that of Kamichi, still applied to it by See also:French writers. Of about the See also:size of a See also:turkey, it is remarkable for the curious " See also:horn " or slender caruncle, more than three inches See also:long, it bears on its See also:crown, the two See also:sharp spurs with which each wing is armed, and its elongated toes. Its plumage is See also:plain in See also:colour, being of an almost See also:uniform greyish See also:black above, the space See also:round the eyes and a See also:ring round the See also:neck being variegated with See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
white, and a patch of See also:pale rufous appearing above the carpal See also:joint, while the See also:lower parts of the See also:body are white. Closely related to this bird is another first described by Linnaeus as a See also:species of Parra (see JACANA), to which See also:group it certainly does not belong, but separated therefrom by Illiger to See also:form the genus Chauna, and now known as C. chavaria, very generally in See also:English as the " Crested Screamer," a name which was first bestowed on the See also:Seriema (q.v.). This bird inhabits the lagoons and swamps of See also:Paraguay and See also:Southern See also:Brazil, where it is called " Chaja. " or " Chaka," and is smaller than the preceding, wanting its " horn," but having its See also:head furnished with a dependent See also:crest of feathers; while the plumage is See also:grey. Its See also:nest is a See also:light construction of dry rushes, having its See also:foundation in the See also:water, and contains as many as six eggs, which are white tinged with See also:buff. The See also:young are covered with down of a yellowish-See also:- BROWN
- BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
- BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
- BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
- BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
- BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
- BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
- BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
- BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
- BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
- BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
- BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
- BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
- BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
- BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
- BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
- BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
- BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
- BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
- BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
- BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
- BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
- BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)
brown colour. A most singular See also:habit possessed by this bird is that of rising in the See also:air and soaring there in circles at an immense See also:altitude, uttering at intervals the very loud cry of which its See also:local name is an See also:imitation. From a dozen to a See also:score may be seen at once so occupying themselves. The young are often taken from the nest and reared by the See also:people to attend upon and defend their poultry, a See also:duty which is faithfully' and, owing to the spurs with which the chaka's wings are armed, successfully discharged. Another very curious See also:property of this bird, which was observed by Jacquin, who brought it to the See also:notice of Linnaeus,' is its emphysematous See also:condition—there being a layer of air-cells between the skin and the muscles, so that on any See also:part of the body being pressed a crackling See also:sound is heard. In Central See also:America occurs another species, C. derbiana, chiefly distinguished by the darker colour of its plumage. For this a distinct genus, Ischyrornis, was proposed, but apparently without See also:necessity, by A. B. See also:Reichenbach (Syst. Avium. p. xxi.).
The taxonomic position of the Palamedeidae, for all will allow to the screamers the See also:rank of a See also:family at least, has been much debated. Their anserine relations were pointed out by W. K. See also:Parker in the Zoological Proceedings for 1863 (pp. 511-518, and in the same See also:work for 1867 T. H. See also:Huxley placed the family among his Chenomorphae; but this view was contravened in 1876 by A. H. Garrod, who said, " The screamers must have sprung from the See also:primary avian stock as an See also:independent offshoot
1 Hence J. Latham's name for this species is " Faithful Jacana "—he supposing it to belong to the genus in which Linnaeus placed it.
Tacta manu cutis, sub pennis etiam lanosa, crepat ubique fortiter " (Ssst. Nat. ed. 12, i. p. 260).at much the same See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time as did most of the other important families." P. L. Sclater in 188o placed them In a distinct See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order, Palamedeae, which he, however, placed next to the true Anseres, and they are now generally regarded as forming a sub-order of anseriform birds.
End of Article: SCREAMER
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