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TANCRED (d. 1112)

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Originally appearing in Volume V26, Page 395 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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TANCRED (d. 1112) , See also:nephew of See also:Bohemund and a See also:grandson of See also:Robert Guiscard on the See also:female See also:side, was the son of a certain Marchisus, in whom some have seen a See also:marquis, and some an Arab (Makrizi). He took the See also:Cross with Bohemund in 1096, and marched with him to See also:Constantinople. Here he refused to take an See also:oath to Alexius. escaping across the Bosphorus inthe disguise of a See also:peasant; but after the See also:capture of See also:Nicaea he consented to follow the example of the other princes, and became the See also:man of Alexius. At See also:Heraclea, in the centre of See also:Asia See also:Minor, he See also:left the See also:main See also:body of the Crusaders, and struck into See also:Cilicia, closely followed by See also:Baldwin of See also:Lorraine. He may have been intending, in this expedition, to prepare a basis for Bohemund's eastern principality; in any See also:case, he made himself See also:master of See also:Tarsus, and when he was evicted from it by the See also:superior forces of Baldwin, he pushed further onwards, and took the towns of See also:Adana and Mamistra. He joined the main See also:army before See also:Antioch, and took a See also:great See also:part in the See also:siege. When; in the See also:spring of 1098, two castles were erected by the crusaders, it was Tancred who undertook the See also:defence of the more exposed See also:castle, which See also:lay by St See also:George's See also:Gate, on the See also:west of the See also:city. In the beginning of 1099 he was serving in the ranks of See also:Raymund's army, whether to observe his movements in the interests of Bohemund, or only (as is more probable) to be in the front of the fighting and the See also:march to See also:Jerusalem. But he soon left the See also:count, like so many of the other pilgrims (see under RnYMUND); and he joined himself to See also:Godfrey of Lorraine in the final march. In See also:June 1099 he helped Baldwin de See also:Burg (his future See also:rival) in the capture of See also:Bethlehem; and he played his part in the siege of Jerusalem, gaining much See also:booty when the city was captured, and falling into a See also:passion because the See also:security he had given to the fugitives on the roof of See also:Solomon's See also:temple was not observed by the crusaders. After the capture of Jerusalem he went to Naplous, and began to found a principality of his own.

He took part in the See also:

battle of See also:Ascalon in See also:August; and after it he was invested by Godfrey with See also:Tiberias and the principality of See also:Galilee, to the See also:north of Naplous. In moo he attempted, without success, to prevent Baldwin of Lorraine (his old enemy in Cilicia) from acquiring the See also:throne of Jerusalem, possibly having ambitions himself, and in any case fearing the See also:foundation of a strong non-See also:Norman See also:power in See also:Palestine. Failing in this See also:attempt, and being urgently summoned from the North to succeed Bohemund (now a prisoner with Danishmend) in the See also:government of Antioch, he surrendered his smaller possessions to Baldwin, on See also:condition that they should be restored if he returned in a See also:year and three months, and finally left the See also:kingdom of Jerusalem. He acted as See also:regent in Antioch from r See also:loo to 1103, when Bohemund regained his See also:liberty. During these years he succeeded in regaining the Cilician towns for Antioch (l lox), and in recapturing See also:Laodicea (1103); he imprisoned Raymund of See also:Toulouse, and only gave him his liberty on stringent conditions; and he caused the restoration of the deposed See also:patriarch of Jerusalem, Dagobert, if only for a brief See also:season, by refusing to aid Baldwin I. on any other terms. When Bohemund was set See also:free, Tancred had to surrender Antioch to him; but he soon found fresh See also:work for his busy hands. In 1104 he joined with Bohemund and Baldwin de Burg (now count of See also:Edessa in See also:succession to Baldwin of Lorraine) in an expedition against See also:Harran, in which they were heavily defeated, and Baldwin was taken prisoner. Tancred, however, profited doubly by the defeat. He took over the government of Edessa in Baldwin's See also:place; and in 1105 Bohemund surrendered to him the government of Antioch, while he himself went to See also:Europe to seek reinforcements. Ruler of the two See also:northern principalities, Tancred carried on vigorous hostilities against his See also:Mahommedan neighbours, especially Ridwan of See also:Aleppo; and in 11o6 he succeeded in capturing See also:Apamea. In 1107, while Bohemund was beginning his last expedition against Alexius, he wrested the whole of Cilicia from the Greeks; and he steadfastly refused, after Bohemund's humiliating treaty at Durazzo in 1ro8, to agree to any of its stipulations with regard to Antioch and Cilicia. To the hostility of the Mahommedans and the Greeks, Tancred also added that of his own See also:fellow Latins- When Baldwin de Burg regained his liberty in rio8, it was only with difficulty that he was induced to restore Edessa to him, and the two continued unfriendly for some See also:time; while in 11o9 he also interfered in the See also:civil See also:war in See also:Tripoli between the nephew and the eldest son of Raymund of Toulouse.

But it was against the emirs of Northern See also:

Syria that his arms were chiefly directed; and he became the See also:hammer of the See also:Turks, restlessly attacking the emirs on every side, but especially in Aleppo, and exacting See also:tribute from them all. He died in 1112, leaving the government to his See also:brother-in-See also:law, See also:Roger de Principatu, until such time as Bohemund II. should come to his See also:inheritance.

End of Article: TANCRED (d. 1112)

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