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APAMEA

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Originally appearing in Volume V02, Page 159 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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APAMEA , the name of several towns in western See also:

Asia. 1. A treasure See also:city and See also:stud-See also:depot of the Seleucid See also:kings in the valley of the See also:Orontes. It was so named by Seleucus Nicator, after Apama, his wife. Destroyed by See also:Chosroes in the 7th See also:century A.D., it was partially rebuilt and known as Famia by the See also:Arabs; and overthrown by an See also:earthquake in 1152. It kept its importance down to the See also:time of the See also:Crusades. The See also:acropolis See also:hill is now occupied by the ruins of See also:Kalat el-Mudik. See R. F. See also:Burton and T. See also:Drake, Unexplored See also:Syria; E. Sachau, Reise in Syrien, 1883.

2. A city in See also:

Phrygia, founded by See also:Antiochus See also:Soter (from whose See also:mother, Apama, it received its name), near, but on See also:lower ground than, See also:Celaenae. It was situated where the See also:Marsyas leaves the hills to join the Maeander, and it became a seat of Seleucid See also:power, and a centre of Graeco-See also:Roman and Graeco-See also:Hebrew See also:civilization and See also:commerce. There Antiochus the See also:Great collected the See also:army with which he met the See also:Romans at See also:Magnesia, and there two years later the treaty between See also:Rome and the Seleucid See also:realm was signed. After Antiochus' departure for the See also:East, Apamea lapsed to the Pergamenian See also:kingdom and thence to Rome in 133, but it was resold to See also:Mithradates V., who held it till 120. After the Mithradatic See also:wars it became and remained a great centre for See also:trade, largely carried on by See also:resident Italians and by See also:Jews. In 84 See also:Sulla made it the seat of a conventus of the Asian See also:province, and it See also:long claimed primacy among Phrygian cities. Its decline See also:dates from the See also:local disorganization of the See also:empire in the 3rd century A.D.; and though a bishopric, it was not an important military or commercial centre in See also:Byzantine times. The See also:Turks took it first in 1070, and from the 13th century onwards it was always in Moslem hands. For a long See also:period it was one of the greatest cities of Asia See also:Minor, commanding the Maeander road; but when the trade routes were diverted to See also:Constantinople it rapidly declined, and its ruin was completed by an earthquake. A Jewish tradition, possibly arising from a name Cibotus (See also:ark), which the See also:town See also:bore, identified a neighbouring See also:mountain with See also:Ararat. The famous " See also:Noah " coins of the See also:emperor See also:Philip commemorate this belief.

The site is now partly occupied by See also:

Dineir (q.v., sometimes locally known also as Geiklar, " the gazelles," perhaps from a tradition of the See also:Persian See also:hunting-See also:park, seen by See also:Xenophon at Celaenae), which is connected with See also:Smyrna by railway; there are considerable remains, including a great number of important Graeco-Roman See also:inscriptions. See W. M. See also:Ramsay, Cities and Bishoprics of Phrygia, vol. ii.; G. See also:Weber, Dineir-Celenes (1892); D. G. See also:Hogarth in Journ. See also:Hell. Studies (1888); 0. Hirschfeld in Trans. See also:Berlin See also:Academy (1875). (D.

G. H.)See also:

APATITE 159 3. A town on the See also:left See also:bank of the See also:Euphrates, at the end of a See also:bridge of boats (zeugma); the Til-Barsip of the See also:Assyrian inscriptions, now See also:Birejik (q.v.). 4. The earlier Myrlea of See also:Bithynia, now See also:Mudania (q.v.), the See also:port of See also:Brusa. The name was given it by Prusias I., who rebuilt it. 5. A city mentioned by Stephanus and See also:Pliny as situated near the See also:Tigris, the See also:identification of which is still uncertain. 6. A See also:Greek city in See also:Parthia, near Rhagae.

End of Article: APAMEA

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