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Tiburtina (see TIBURTINA, VIA). It is finely situated at the point where the Anio forms its celebrated falls; it is protected on the E., N., and N.W. by the See also:

RIVER

river and it commands the entrance to its upper course, with an extensive view over the Campagna below. The See also:

MODERN

modern town is in See also:

PART

part built upon the terraces of a large See also:

temple of See also:

Hercules See also:

Victor, the See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief deity of Tibur, of which some remains exist: many small votive See also:

OBJECTS

objects in terra-See also:

cotta were found in the See also:

GORGE

gorge of the Anio below the town on the See also:

north-See also:

west in 1898. Below it, on the cliffs above the Anio, is a large See also:

BUILDING

building See also:

ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round a colonnaded See also:

court-yard in See also:

OPUS ('O7rois)

opus reticulation built over the Via Tiburtina (which passes under it in an arched passage), generally known as the See also:

VILLA

villa of See also:

MAECENAS, GAIUS (CILNIUS)

Maecenas, but shown by the See also:

DISCOVERY

discovery of See also:

INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

inscriptions to have been in reality the See also:

MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of the Herculanei Augustales, connected probably with the temple. In an ancient See also:

hall at one See also:

side of the modern See also:

CATHEDRAL

cathedral two mensae ponderariae—See also:

MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

marble tables with holes in them for measuring solids—erected by one M. Varenus See also:

DIPHILUS

Diphilus, a freed-See also:

man, a magister herculaneus, were found in situ in 1883, and in 1902 two vases of statues erected by Diphilus, as inscriptions showed, in See also:

HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of his See also:

PATRON

patron, and a bas-See also:

RELIEF

relief of a bearded Hercules entirely draped in a See also:

long See also:

TUNIC (0. Eng. tunice, tunical, taken, before the Norman con-quest, directly from Lat. tunica, of which the origin is unknown)

tunic with a See also:

lion's skin on his shoulders. Remains of two small temples—one circular, with Corinthian columns, the other rectangular with Ionic columns—stand at the north-See also:

east extremity of the town, above the waterfalls. They are traditionally, but without See also:

FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation, attributed to See also:

VESTA (Gr. 'Errata)

Vesta and the Sibyl of Tibur (See also:

Varro adds Albunea, the See also:

WATER

water goddess worshipped on the See also:

banks of the Anio as a tenth Sibyl to the nine mentioned by the See also:

Greek writers. The so-called Tempio della Tosse, an octagonal domed structure just below the town, is probably a See also:

TOMB (Gr. Tuµ/3a, Tuµ(3os, probably allied to Lat. tumulus, literally a swelling, tumere, to swell)

tomb of the 4th See also:

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century A.D. Two See also:

ROMAN

Roman See also:

bridges and several tombs were found above the falls in 1826.

Tibur was a favourite place of resort in Roman times, and both See also:

AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus and Maecenas had villas here, and possibly See also:

HORACE [QuINTus HORATIUS FLACCUS] (65-8 B.C.)

Horace also. It is certain that a See also:

house was shown as being his in the See also:

time of Suetonius; and this has been identified with a villa of the Augustan See also:

period, the site of which is now occupied by the monastery of S. See also:

Antonio. In his poems he frequently mentions Tibur with See also:

ENTHUSIASM

enthusiasm. See also:

CATULLUS, GAIUS VALERIUS (?84-J4 B.C.)

Catullus and See also:

STATIUS, PUBLIUS PAPINIUS (c. A.D. 45-96)

Statius, too, have rendered it famous by their poems. The abundance of water from aqueducts and springs and the falls of the Anio were among its chief attractions. The remains of villas in the See also:

DISTRICT

district are numerous and important (see T. See also:

ASHBY, TURNER (1824-1862)

Ashby in Papers of the See also:

BRITISH

British School at Rome, B.O. The largest is that of See also:

HADRIAN (PUBLICS AELIUS HADRIANUS)

Hadrian, situated in the See also:

low ground about 2 M. to the See also:

south-west of Tibur, and occupying an See also:

AREA

area of some 16o acres. The remains are extensive and well preserved, though the identifications of the existing buildings with those mentioned by Spartianus who records that Hadrian gave to them the names of various well-known edifices at See also:

Athens and elsewhere, cannot in most cases be treated as certain. A large number of statues have been found in the villa, and costly See also:

FOREIGN

foreign See also:

MARBLES

marbles and See also:

FINE

fine See also:

MOSAIC (corresponding to Lat. opus musivum, from Gr. µovoeiov, an artificial grotto often decorated with mosaics; the word is only found in the sense of mosaic in late Greek, which generally uses k oXI yrlµa)

mosaic pavements, some of the last being preserved in situ, while among others may be named the mosaic of the doves in the Capitol and that of the masks in the Vatican. Of the See also:

FRESCO (Ital. for cool, " fresh ")

fresco and See also:

STUCCO (Ital. stucco, adapted from O.H.G. stucchi, crust, piece, patch, Ger. Stuck, piece, allied to stock)

stucco decorations of the walls and ceilings, less is naturally preserved.

Excavations have gone on since the 16th century, the last having been carried on by the See also:

ITALIAN

Italian See also:

government to which the greater part of the site now belongs: but little has been done since 1884.1 The ancient Tibur was founded, according to tradition, by Tiburtus, Corax and Catillus, grandsons of See also:

AMPHIARAUS

Amphiaraus. Though on the edge of the See also:

SABINE, SIR EDWARD (1788-1883)

Sabine mountains, it was a member of the Latin See also:

LEAGUE

League. There are remains of ancient roads and out-lying forts in its territory dating from the period of its See also:

independence. It allied itself with the Gauls in 361 B.C., and in the See also:

war which followed the towns of Empulum and Saxula were destroyed (their sites are unknown) and triumphs over Tibur were celebrated in 36o and 354 B.C., and again in 338, whet its forces were defeated, with those of See also:

PRAENESTE (mod. Palestrina)

Praeneste. It did not, Low-ever, lose its independence, but became an ally of Rome, as is shown by an inscription, probably of the 2nd century B.C., in which it is recorded that the ambassadors of Tibur successfully cleared themselves before the Roman See also:

SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

senate of a suspicion that they were acting contrary to their treaty with Rome. It acquired Roman citizenship in 90 B.C., though some of its citizens gained the See also:

FRANCHISE (from 0. Fr. franchise, freedom, franc, free)

franchise previously. Syphax, See also:

king of See also:

NUMIDIA

Numidia, died in the territory of Tibur as a See also:

CAPTIVE (from Lat. capere, to take)

captive in 201 B.C.; and in A.D. 273 See also:

ZENOBIA (Gr. Zr7vo(3ia)

Zenobia, See also:

queen of See also:

PALMYRA

Palmyra, was assigned a See also:

RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence here by See also:

AURELIAN [Lucius DoMITIus AURELIANUS]

Aurelian. Its prosperity during the imperial period was mainly due to the favour in which it stood as a summer resort. During the See also:

SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege of Rome by See also:

Narses, See also:

BELISARIUS (c. 505–565)

Belisarius occupied Tibur : it was afterwards treacherously surrendered to See also:

TOTILA (d. 552)

Totila, whose troops plundered it, but who rebuilt it in A.D. 547. See H.

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