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part of the town and the bazaars are crowded alongside the stream, while suburbs with scattered houses among orchards and gardens extend up two tributary streams. The houses are massive and well built of a soft volcanic tufa, and with their courtyards and gardens climbing up the hillsides afford a striking picture. At the junction of two streams in the centre of the town is a See also:

FINE

fine old See also:

castle, partly ruined, which, according to See also:

LOCAL

local tradition, occupies the site of a fortress built by See also:

Alexander the See also:

GREAT

Great. It is apparently an Arab See also:

BUILDING

building, as Arabic See also:

INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

inscriptions appear on the walls, but as the town stands on the See also:

PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

HIGHWAY

highway between the See also:

Van See also:

plateau and the Mesopotamian See also:

PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain it must always have been of strategic importance. The bazaars are crowded, covered across with branches in summer, and typical of a Kurdish town. The See also:

POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population See also:

numbers 35,000, of whom about 12,000 are Armenians and the See also:

REMAINDER, REVERSION

remainder are Kurds or of Kurdish descent. Kurdish beys and sheiks have much See also:

INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence in the town and See also:

WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild See also:

mountain districts adjoining, while the Sasun mountains, the See also:

SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene of successive Armenian revolutions of See also:

LATE

late years, are not far off to the See also:

west. The town was ruled by a semi-See also:

INDEPENDENT

independent Kurdish See also:

BEY (a modern Turk. word, the older form being beg, cf. Pers. baig)

bey as late as 1836. There are some fine old mosques and medresses (colleges), and the Armenians have a large monastery and churches. There are See also:

BRITISH

British, See also:

French and See also:

RUSSIAN

Russian consuls in the town, and a See also:

BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of the See also:

AMERICAN

American See also:

MISSION

Mission with See also:

SCHOOLS

schools is established also.

The See also:

CLIMATE

climate is healthy and the thermometer rarely falls below o° Fahr., but there is a heavy snowfall and the narrow streets are blocked for some five months in the See also:

YEAR

year. A See also:

GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good road runs southward down the pass, passing after a few See also:

MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles some large chalybeate and See also:

SULPHUR

sulphur springs. Roads also See also:

lead See also:

north to See also:

MUSH

Mush and See also:

ERZERUM, or ARZRUM (Arm. Garin)

Erzerum and along the See also:

lake to Van. Postal communication is through Erzerum with See also:

TREBIZOND (Gr. Trapezus)

Trebizond. See also:

TOBACCO

Tobacco of an inferior quality is largely grown, and the chief See also:

INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry is the See also:

WEAVING

weaving of a coarse. red See also:

CLOTH

cloth. See also:

MANNA

Manna and See also:

GUM (Fr. gomme, Lat. gommi, Gr. Kµµ1, possibly a Coptic word; distinguish " gum," the fleshy covering of the base of a tooth, in O. Eng. gbma, palate, cf. Ger. Gaumen, roof of the mouth; the ultimate origin is probably the root gha, to open wide, seen in

gum tragacanth are also collected. See also:

FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

Fruit is also plentiful, and there are many vineyards See also:

close by. The Bitlis vilayet comprises a very varied See also:

section of Asiatic Turkey, as it includes the Mush plain and the plateau See also:

COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country west of Lake Van, as well as a large extent of wild mountaindistrict's inhabited by turbulent Kurds and Armenians on either See also:

side of the central town of Bitlis, also some of the See also:

LOWER

lower country about Sairt along the See also:

LEFT

left See also:

BANK

bank of the main stream of the Tigris. The mountains have been little explored, but are believed to be See also:

rich in minerals, See also:

IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron, lead, See also:

COPPER (symbol Cu, atomic weight 63.1, H=1, or 63.6, O = 16)

copper, traces of See also:

gold and many See also:

MINERAL

mineral springs are known to exist. (F. R.

End of Article: BITLIS

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