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CHEBICHEV, PAFNUTIY LVOVICH (1821-1894)

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Originally appearing in Volume V06, Page 20 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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CHEBICHEV, PAFNUTIY LVOVICH (1821-1894) , See also:Russian mathematician, was See also:born at Borovsk on the 26th of May 1821. He was educated at the university of See also:Moscow, and in 1859 became See also:professor of See also:mathematics in the university of St See also:Peters-See also:burg, a position from which he retired in 1880. He was chosen a correspondent of the See also:Institute of See also:France in 186o, and succeeded to the high See also:honour of associe etranger in 1874. He was also a See also:foreign member of the Royal Society of See also:London. After N. I. See also:Lobachevskiy he probably ranks as the most distinguished mathematician See also:Russia has produced. In 1841 he published a valuable See also:paper, " Sur la convergence de la serie de See also:Taylor," in Crelle's See also:Journal. His best-known papers, however, See also:deal with See also:prime See also:numbers; in one of these ("Sur See also:les nombres premiers," 185o) he established the existence of limits within which must be comprised the sum of the logarithms of the primes inferior to a given number. Another question to which he devoted much See also:attention was that of obtaining rectilinear See also:motion by linkage. The parallel motion known by his name is a three-See also:bar linkage, which gives a very See also:close approximation to exact rectilinear motion, but in spite of all his efforts he failed to devise one that produced absolutely true rectilinear motion. At last, indeed, he came to the conclusion that to do so was impossible, and in that conviction set to See also:work to find a rigorous See also:proof of the impossibility.

While he was engaged on this task the desired linkage, which moved the highest admiration of J. J. See also:

Sylvester, was discovered and exhibited to him by one of his pupils, named Lipkin, who, however, it was afterwards found, had been anticipated by A. Peaucellier. Chebichev further constructed an See also:instrument for See also:drawing large circles, and an arithmetical See also:machine with continuous motion. His mathematical writings, which See also:account for some See also:forty entries in the Royal Society's See also:catalogue of scientific papers, See also:cover a wide range of subjects, such as the theory of probabilities, quadratic forms, theory of integrals, gearings, the construction of See also:geographical maps, &c. He also published a Traite de la theorie See also:des nombres. He died at St See also:Petersburg on the 8th of See also:December 1894.

End of Article: CHEBICHEV, PAFNUTIY LVOVICH (1821-1894)

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