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CIRILLO, DOMENICO (1739-1799),

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Originally appearing in Volume V06, Page 392 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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CIRILLO, DOMENICO (1739-1799), .See also:Italian physician and patriot, was See also:born at Grumo in the See also:kingdom of See also:Naples. Appointed while yet a See also:young See also:man to a botanical professorship, Cirillo went some years afterwards to See also:England, where he was elected See also:fellow of the Royal Society, and to See also:France. On his return to Naples he was appointed successively to the chairs of See also:practical and theoretical See also:medicine. He wrote voluminously and well on scientific subjects and secured an extensive medical practice, On the See also:French occupation of Naples and the See also:proclamation of the Parthenopean See also:republic (1799), Cirillo, after at first refusing to take See also:part in the new See also:government, consented to be chosen a representative of the See also:people and became a member of the legislative See also:commission, of which he was eventually elected See also:president. On the See also:abandonment of the republic by the French (See also:June 1799), See also:Cardinal See also:Ruffo and the See also:army of See also:King See also:Ferdinand IV. returned to Naples, and the Republicans withdrew, See also:ill-armed and inadequately provisioned, to the forts. After a See also:short See also:siege they surrendered on See also:honourable terms, See also:life and See also:liberty being guaranteed them by the signatures of Ruffo, of See also:Foote, and of Micheroux. But the arrival of See also:Nelson changed the complexion of affairs, and he refused to ratify the See also:capitulation. Secure under the See also:British See also:flag, Ferdinand and his wife, See also:Caroline of See also:Austria,. showed themselves eager for revenge, and Cirillo was involved with the other republicans in the vengeance of the royal See also:family. He asked See also:Lady See also:Hamilton (wife of the British See also:minister to Naples) to intercede on his behalf, but Nelson wrote in reference to the See also:petition: " Domenico Cirillo, who had been the king's physician, might have been saved, but that he See also:chose to See also:play the See also:fool and See also:lie, denying that he had ever made any speeches against the government, and saying that he only took care of the poor in the hospitals " (Nelson and the Neapolitan See also:Jacobins, See also:Navy Records Society, 1903). He was condemned and hanged on the 29th of See also:October 1799. Cirillo, whose favourite study was See also:botany, and who was recognized as an entomologist by See also:Linnaeus, See also:left many books, in Latin and Italian, all of them treating of medical and scientific subjects, and all of little value now. Exception must, however, be made in favour of the Virile morali dell' Asino, a pleasant philosophical pamphlet remarkable for its See also:double See also:charm of sense and See also:style.

He introduced many medical innovations into Naples, particularly inoculation for smallpox. See C. Giglioli, Naples in 2799 (See also:

London, 1903) ; L. Conforti, Napoli nel 1799 (Naples, 1889) ; C. Tivaroni, L' Italia See also:durante it dominio francese, vol. ii, pp. 179.204.

End of Article: CIRILLO, DOMENICO (1739-1799),

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