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See also:RUFFO, FABRIZIO (1744-1827) , Neapolitan See also:cardinal and politician, was See also:born at See also:San Lucido in See also:Calabria on the 16th of See also:September 1744. His See also:father, Litterio Ruffo, was See also:duke of Baranello, and his See also:mother, Giustiniana, was of the See also:family of See also:Colonna. Fabrizio owed his See also:education to his See also:uncle, the cardinal See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas Ruffo, then See also:dean of the Sacred See also:College. In See also:early See also:life be secured the favour of Giovanni Angelo Braschi di Cesera, who in 1775 became See also:Pope See also:Pius VI. Ruffo was placed by the pope among the chierici di See also:camera—the clerks who formed the papal See also:civil and See also:financial service. He was later promoted to be treasurer-See also:general, a See also:post which carried with it the See also:ministry of See also:war. Ruffo's conduct in See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office was diversely judged. See also:Colletta, the historian of See also:Naples, speaks of him as corrupt, and See also:Jomini repeats the See also:charge. Ruffo's biographer, Sachinelli, says that he incurred hostility by restricting the feudal See also:powers of some of the landowners in the papal states. In 1791 he was removed from the treasurership, but. was created cardinal on the 29th of September, though he was not in orders. He never became a See also:priest. Ruffo went to Naples, where he was named See also:administrator of the royal domain of See also:Caserta, and received the See also:abbey of S. See also:Sophia in See also:Benevento in commendam. When in See also:December 1798 the See also:French troops advanced on Naples, Ruffo fled to See also:Palermo with the royal family. He was chosen to See also:head a royalist See also:movement in Calabria, where his family, though impoverished by See also:debt, exercised large feudal powers. He was named See also:vicar-general on the 25th of See also:January. 17oo- On the 8th of See also:February he landed at
La See also:Cortona with a small following, and began to raise the so-called " See also:army of the faith " in association with Fra See also:Diavolo and other brigand leaders. Ruffo had no difficulty in upsetting the republican See also:government established by the French, and by See also:June had advanced to Naples (see NAPLES and See also:NELSON). The See also:campaign has given rise to much controversy. Ruffo appears to have lost favour with the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king by showing a tendency to spare the republicans. He resigned his vicar-generalship to the See also:prince of Cassero, and during the second French See also:conquest and the reigns of See also:Joseph See also:Bonaparte and See also:Murat he lived quietly in Naples. Some See also:notice was taken of him by See also:Napoleon, but he never held an important post. After the restoration of the Bourbons he was received into favour. During the revolutionary troubles of 1822 he was consulted by the king, and was even in office for a very See also:short See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time as a " loyalist " See also:minister. He died on the 13th of December 1827.
The See also:account of Ruffo given in Celletta's See also:History of Naples (See also:English See also:translation, See also:Edinburgh, 186o) must be taken with caution. Colletta was a violent liberal See also:partisan, who wrote in See also:- EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)
exile, and largely from memory. He has been corrected by the Duca de See also:Lauria, Intorno alla storia del Reame di Napoli di Pietro Colletta (Naples, 1877). Ruffo's own See also:side of the question is stated in Memorie Storiche See also:sulla vita del Cardinale Fabrizio Ruffo, by Domenico Sacchinelli (Naples, 1836). See also Fabrizio Ruffo: Revolution and Gegen-Revolution von Neapel, by See also:Baron von' Helfert (See also:Vienna, 1882).
End of Article: RUFFO, FABRIZIO (1744-1827)
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