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See also:CLEMENT XI . (Giovanni See also:Francesco See also:Albani), See also:pope from 1700 to 1721, was See also:born in See also:Urbino, on the 22nd of See also:July 1649, received an extraordinary See also:education in letters, See also:theology and See also:law, filled various important offices in the See also:Curia, and finally, on the 23rd of See also:November 1700, succeeded See also:Innocent XII. as pope. His private See also:life and his See also:administration were blameless, but it was his misfortune to reign in troublous times. In the See also:war of the See also:Spanish See also:Succession he would willingly have remained neutral, but found himself between two fires, forced first to recognize See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip V., then driven by the See also:emperor to recognize the See also:Archduke See also:Charles. In the See also:peace of See also:Utrecht he was ignored; See also:Sardinia and See also:Sicily, See also:Parma and See also:Piacenza, were disposed of without regard to papal claims. When he quarrelled with the See also:duke of See also:Savoy, and revoked his See also:investiture rights in Sicily (1715), his See also:interdict was treated with contempt. The See also:prestige of the papacy had hardly been See also:lower within two centuries. About 1702 the Jansenist controversy See also:broke out afresh. Clement reaffirmed the See also:infallibility of the pope, in matters of fact (1705), and, in 1713, issued the See also:bull Unigenitus, condemning tot Jansenistic propositions extracted from the Moral Reflections of See also:Pasquier See also:Quesnel. The rejection of this bull by certain bishops led to a new party See also:division and a further prolonging of the controversy (see See also:JANSENISM and QUESNEL, PASQuIER). Clement also forbade the practice of the Jesuit missionaries in See also:China of " accommodating " their teachings to See also:pagan notions or customs, in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to win converts. Clement was a polished writer, and a generous See also:patron of See also:art and letters. He died on the 19th of See also:March 1721.
For contemporary lives see Elci, The See also:Present See also:State of the See also:Court of See also:Rome, trans. from the Ital. (See also:London, 17o6); Polidoro, De Vita et Reb. Gest. Clem. XI. (Urbino, 1727); Reboulet, Hist. de Clem. XI.. Pape (See also:Avignon, 1752); Guarnacci, Vitae et res gest. Pontiff. Rom. (Rome, 1751); Sanding, Vitae Pontiff Rom. (See also:Padua, 1739); Buder, Tome,
u. Thaten Clementis XI. (See also:Frankfort, 1720-1721). See also Clementis XI. See also:Opera Omnia (Frankfort, 1729) ; the detailed " Studii sul pontificate di Clem. XI.," by Pometti in the Archiaio Bella R. See also:Soc. See also:romana di See also:scoria patria, vols. 21, 22, 23 (1898-1909), and the extended bibliography in See also:Hergenrother, Allg. Kirchengesch. (s88o), iii. 506. (T. F.
End of Article: CLEMENT XI
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