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isthmus. By means of the causeway the channel between island and mainland was formed into two harbours, of which the larger, or southern, now known as See also:

PORT

Port Freano, was further enclosed by two strongly-built moles that are still in See also:

GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

PART

part entire. The extreme length of the city was little less than a mile, and the whole intramural See also:

AREA

area is still thickly strewn with architectural remains. The walls, both insular and See also:

CONTINENTAL

continental, can be traced throughout their whole See also:

CIRCUIT (Lat. circuitus, from circum, round, and ire, to go)

circuit; and in many places, especially See also:

ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the See also:

ACROPOLIS (Gr. aKpos, top, a6)Xts, city)

acropolis, at the N.E. corner of the city, they are remarkably perfect. Our knowledge of the site is largely due to the See also:

MISSION

mission of the Dilettanti Society in 1812, and the excavations executed by C. T. See also:

Newton in 1857–1858; but of See also:

RECENT

recent years it has become a frequent calling station of touring steamers, which can still See also:

lie safely in the southern See also:

HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour. The See also:

AGORA

agora, the See also:

THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre, an See also:

ODEUM (Gr. Odeion)

odeum, a See also:

temple of See also:

DIONYSUS (probably = " son of Zeus," from & Os and vv(7os, a Thracian word for " son ")

Dionysus, a temple of the See also:

MUSES, THE (Gr. Mo6o-at, the thinkers)

Muses, a temple of See also:

APHRODITE

Aphrodite and a See also:

GREAT

great number of minor buildings have been identified, and the See also:

general See also:

plan of the city has been very clearly made out. The most famous statue by the See also:

elder See also:

PRAXITELES

Praxiteles, the Aphrodite, was made for Cnidus. It has perished, but See also:

LATE

late copies exist, of which the most faithful is in the Vatican See also:

GALLERY (through Ital. galleria, from Med. Lat. galeria, of which the origin is unknown)

gallery.

In a temple-enclosure C. T. Newton discovered a See also:

FINE

fine seated statue of See also:

DEMETER

Demeter, which now adorns the See also:

BRITISH

British Museum; and about 3 M. See also:

south-See also:

east of the city he came upon the ruins of a splendid See also:

TOMB (Gr. Tuµ/3a, Tuµ(3os, probably allied to Lat. tumulus, literally a swelling, tumere, to swell)

tomb, and a See also:

COLOSSAL

colossal figure of a See also:

lion carved out of one See also:

block of Pentelic See also:

MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

marble, 10 ft. in length and 6 in height, which has been supposed to commemorate the great See also:

NAVAL

naval victory of See also:

CONON

Conon over the Lacedaemonians in 394 B.C. Among the minor antiquities obtained from the city itself, or the great See also:

NECROPOLIS

necropolis to the east, perhaps the most interesting are the leaden KaTaSeruoc, or imprecationary tablets, found in the temple of Demeter, and copied in facsimile in the appendix to the second See also:

VOLUME

volume of Newton's See also:

WORK

work. Peasants still find numerous antiquities, and the site would certainly repay more thorough excavation. Cnidus was a city of high antiquity and probably of Lacedaemonian colonization. Along with See also:

HALICARNASSUS (mod. Budrum)

Halicarnassus and Cos, and the Rhodian cities of Lindus, Camirus and Ialysus it formed the Dorian Hexapolis, which held its confederate assemblies on the Triopian headland, and there celebrated See also:

GAMES, CLASSICAL

games in See also:

HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of See also:

APOLLO (Gr. 'A2r6XXwv,'Airkkhwv)

Apollo, See also:

POSEIDON

Poseidon and the See also:

NYMPHS

nymphs. The city was at first governed by an oligarchic See also:

SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

senate, composed of sixty members, known as a,uvriyoves, and presided over by a See also:

MAGISTRATE (Lat. magistratus, from magister, master, properly a public office, hence the person holding such an office)

magistrate called an apevrnp; but, though it is proved by See also:

INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

inscriptions that the old names continued to a very late See also:

period, the constitution underwent a popular transformation. The situation of the city was favourable for See also:

commerce, and the Cnidians acquired consider-able See also:

WEALTH

wealth, and were able to colonize the island of Lipara, and founded the city of Corcyra See also:

NIGRA, COSTANTINO, COUNT (1828-1907)

Nigra in the Adriatic. They ultimately submitted to See also:

Cyrus, and from the See also:

BATTLE

battle of See also:

EURYMEDON

Eurymedon to the latter part of the Peloponnesian See also:

War they were subject to See also:

Athens. In 394 B.C. Conon fought off the port the battle which destroyed Spartan See also:

HEGEMONY (Gr. i7ye,uovia, leadership, from it-yo-Oat, to lead, the leadership especially of one particular state in a group of federated or loosely united states. The term was first applied in Greek history to the position claimed by different individual

hegemony.

The See also:

Romans easily obtained their See also:

ALLEGIANCE (Mid. Eng. ligeaunce; med. Lat. ligeantia, &c.; the al- was probably added through confusion with another legal term, allegeance, an allegation; the Fr. allegeance comes from the English; the word is formed from " liege," of which the derivatio

allegiance, and rewarded them for help given against See also:

ANTIOCHUS

Antiochus by leaving them the freedom of their city. During the See also:

BYZANTINE

Byzantine period there must still have been a considerable See also:

POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population; for the ruins contain a large number of See also:

CNOSSUS

CNOSSUS 573 buildings belonging to the Byzantine See also:

style, and See also:

Christian sepulchres are See also:

COMMON

common in the neighbourhood. See also:

EUDOXUS

Eudoxus, the astronomer, See also:

CTESIAS

Ctesias, the writer on See also:

Persian See also:

HISTORY

history, and Sostratus, the builder of the celebrated Pharos at See also:

Alexandria, are the most remarkable of the Cnidians mentioned in history. See C. T. Newton and R. P. Pullen, Hist. of Discoveries at Halicarnassus, Cnidus, &c. (1863).

End of Article: CNIDUS (mod. Tekir)

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