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CUMBRAES, THE

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Originally appearing in Volume V07, Page 628 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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CUMBRAES, THE , two islands forming See also:part of the See also:county of See also:Bute, See also:Scotland, lying in the See also:Firth of See also:Clyde, between the See also:southern shores of Bute and the See also:coast of See also:Ayrshire. See also:GREAT CUMBRAE See also:ISLAND, about 12 m. W.S.W. of See also:Largs, is 31 M. See also:long and 2, M. broad, and has a circumference of 10 m. and an See also:area of 3200 acres or 5 sq. m. Its highest point is 417 ft. above the See also:sea.. There is some fishing and a little farming, but the mainstay of the inhabitants is the See also:custom of the visitors who See also:crowd every summer to Millport, which is reached by railway steamer from Largs. This See also:town (pop. 1901, 1663) is well situated at the See also:head of a See also:fine See also:bay and has a See also:climate that is both warm and bracing. Its See also:chief public buildings include the See also:cathedral, erected in See also:Gothic See also:style on rising ground behind the town, the See also:college connected with it, the See also:garrison, a picturesque seat belonging to the See also:marquess of Bute, who owns the island, the town See also:hall, a public hall, library and See also:reading See also:room, the See also:Lady See also:Margaret See also:fever See also:hospital, and a marine biological station. The cathedral, originally the collegiate See also:church, was founded in 1849 by the See also:earl of See also:Glasgow and opened in 1851. In 1876 it was constituted the cathedral of See also:Argyll and the Isles. Millport enjoys exceptional facilities for boating and bathing, and there is also a See also:good See also:golf-course. Pop.

(1901) 1754, of whom 1028 were See also:

females, and 59 spoke both See also:English and Gaelic. LITTLE CUMBRAE ISLAND Ilea to the See also:south, separated by the Tan, a strait See also:half a mile wide. It is r i m. long, barely I m. broad, and has an area of almost a square mile. Its highest point is 409 ft. above sea-level. On the bold cliffs of the See also:west coast stands a lighthouse. See also:Robert II. is said to have built a See also:castle on the island which was demolished by See also:Cromwell's soldiers in 1653. The strata met with in the Great and Little Cumbrae belong to the Upper Old Red See also:Sandstone and Carboniferous systems. The former, consisting of false-bedded sandstones and conglomerates, are See also:con-fined to the larger island. The Carboniferous rocks of the Cumbrae belong to the See also:lower part of the Calciferous Sandstone See also:series with the accompanying volcanic See also:zone. In the larger island these sediments, comprising sandstones, red, See also:purple and mottled See also:clays with occasional bands of nodular See also:limestone or cornstone, occupy a considerable area on the See also:north See also:side of Millport Bay. In the Little Cumbrae they appear on the See also:east side, where they underlie and are interbedded with the lavas. The interesting See also:geological feature of these islands is the development of Lower Carboniferous volcanic rocks.

They See also:

cover nearly the whole of the Little Cumbrae, where they give rise to marked terraced features and are arranged in a See also:gentle synclinal See also:fold. The flows are often scoriaceous at the See also:top and sometimes display columnar structure, as in the crags at the lighthouse. Those rocks examined microscopically consist of basalts which are often porphyritic. In Great Cumbrae the intrusive rocks See also:mark four periods of eruption, three of which. may be of Carboniferous See also:age. The See also:oldest, consisting of trachytes, occur as sheets and dikes trending generally E.N.E., and are confined chiefly to the Upper Old Red Sandstone. They seem to be of older date than the Carboniferous lavas of Little Cumbrae and south Bute. Next come dikes of See also:olivine See also:basalt of the type of the See also:Lion's Haunch on See also:Arthur's Seat, which, though possessing the same See also:general trend as the trachytes, are seen to cut them. The members, of the third See also:group comprise dikes of See also:dolerite or basalt with or without olivine, which have a general east and west trend, and as they intersect the two previous See also:groups they must be of later date. They probably belong to the east and west See also:quartz dolerite dikes which are now referred to See also:late Carboniferous See also:time. Lastly there are representatives of the basalt dikes of See also:Tertiary age with a north-west trend.

End of Article: CUMBRAES, THE

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