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FAGUET, EMILE (1847- )

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Originally appearing in Volume V10, Page 126 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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FAGUET, EMILE (1847- ) , See also:French critic and See also:man of letters, was See also:born at La See also:Roche sur See also:Yon on the 17th of See also:December 1847. He was educated at the normal school in See also:Paris, and after teaching for some See also:time in La Rochelle and See also:Bordeaux he came to Paris. After acting as assistant See also:professor of See also:poetry in the university he became professor in 1897. He was elected to the See also:academy in 1900, and received the ribbon of the See also:Legion of See also:Honour in the next See also:year. He acted as dramatic critic to the Soleil; from 1892 he was See also:literary critic to the Revue bleue; and in 1896 took the See also:place of M. Jules See also:Lemaitre on the See also:Journal See also:des debats. Among his See also:works are monographs on See also:Flaubert (1899), See also:Andre Chestier (1902), See also:Zola (1903); an admirably concise Histoire de la litterature francaise depuis le XVIIe siecle jusqu'd nos jours; See also:series of literary studies on the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries; Questions politiques (1899); Propos litteraires (3 series, 190.2-1905); Le Liberalisme (1902); and L'Anticlericalisme (1906). See A. Sbche, Emile Faguet (1904). FA-HIEN (fi. A.D. 399-414), See also:Chinese Buddhist See also:monk, See also:pilgrim-traveller, and writer, author of one of the earliest and most valuable Chinese accounts of See also:India.

He started from Changgan or Si-gan-fu, then the See also:

capital of the Tsin See also:empire, and passing the See also:Great See also:Wall, crossed the " See also:River of See also:Sand ' or See also:Gobi See also:Desert beyond, that See also:home of " evil demons and hot winds," which he vividly describes,—where the only way-marks were the bones of the dead, where no See also:bird appeared in the See also:air above, no See also:animal on the ground below. Arriving at See also:Khotan, the traveller witnessed a great Buddhist festival; here, as in Yarkand, See also:Afghanistan and other parts thoroughly Islamized before the See also:close of the See also:middle ages, Fa-Hien shows us See also:Buddhism still prevailing. India was reached by a perilous descent of " ten thousand cubits " from the " wall-like hills " of the See also:Hindu Kush into the See also:Indus valley (about A.D. 402); and the pilgrim passed the next ten years in the " central " Buddhist See also:realm,--making journeys to Peshawur and Afghanistan (especially the See also:Kabul region) on one See also:side, and to the See also:Ganges valley on another. His especial concern was the exploration of the scenes of See also:Buddha's See also:life, the copying of Buddhist texts, and converse with the Buddhist monks and sages whom the Brahmin reaction had not yet driven out. Thus we find him at Buddha's birthplace on the Kohana, See also:north-See also:west of See also:Benares; in See also:Patna and on the See also:Vulture See also:Peak near Patna; at the Jetvana, monastery in Oudh; as well as at See also:Muttra on the See also:Jumna, at See also:Kanauj, and at See also:Tamluk near the mouth of the See also:Hugli. But now the narrative, which in its earlier portions was primarily See also:historical and See also:geographical, becomes mystical and theological; See also:miracle-stories and meditations upon Buddhist moralities and sacred memories almost entirely replace matters of fact. From the Ganges See also:delta Fa-Hien sailed with a See also:merchant See also:ship, in fourteen days, to See also:Ceylon, where he transcribed all the sacred books, as yet unknown in See also:China, which he could find; witnessed the festival of the See also:exhibition of Buddha's tooth; and remarked the See also:trade of Arab merchants to the See also:island,. two centuries before See also:Mahomet. He returned by See also:sea to the mouth of the Yangtse-Kiang, changing vessels at See also:Java, and narrowly escaping shipwreck or the See also:fate of See also:Jonah. Fa-Hien's See also:work is valuable See also:evidence to the strength, and in many places to the dominance, of Buddhism in central See also:Asia and in India at the time of the collapse of the See also:Roman empire in western See also:Europe. His See also:tone throughout is that of the devout, learned, sensible, rarely hysterical pilgrim-traveller. His See also:record is careful and accurate, and most of his positions can be identified; his devotion is so strong that it leads him to depreciate China as a " border-See also:land," India the home of Buddha being the true " middle See also:kingdom " of his creed.

See See also:

James See also:Legge, Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms, being an See also:account by the Chinese Monk Fd-hien of his, travels in India and Ceylon; translated and edited, with See also:map, &c. (See also:Oxford, 1886) ; S. Beal, Travels of Fah-Hian and Sung-Yun, Buddhist pilgrims from China to India, 400 and 518 A.D., translated, with map, &c. (1869) ; C. R. Beazley, See also:Dawn of See also:Modern See also:Geography, vol. i. (1897), pp.

End of Article: FAGUET, EMILE (1847- )

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