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FORMOSUS

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Originally appearing in Volume V10, Page 672 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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FORMOSUS , See also:

pope from 891 to 896, the successor of See also:Stephen V. (or VI.). He first appears in See also:history when, as See also:bishop of See also:Porto, he was sent on an See also:embassy to the Bulgarians. Having afterwards sided with a See also:faction against See also:John VIII., he was excommunicated, and compelled to take an See also:oath never to return to See also:Rome or again to assume his priestly functions. From this oath he was, however, absolved by See also:Marinus, the successor of John VIII., and restored to his dignities; and on the See also:death of Stephen V. in 891 he was chosen pope. At that See also:time the See also:Holy See was engaged in a struggle against the oppression of the princes of See also:Spoleto, and a powerful party in Rome was eager to obtain the intervention of See also:Arnulf, See also:king of See also:Germany, against these dangerous neighbours. Formosus himself shared this view; but he was forced to yield to circumstances and to consecrate as See also:emperor See also:Lambert, the See also:young son of See also:Guy of Spoleto. Guy had already been consecrated by Stephen V., and died in 894. In the following See also:year. Arnulf succeeded in seizing Rome, and Formosus crowned him emperor. But, as he was advancing on Spoleto against Lambert, Arnulf was seized with See also:paralysis, and was forced to return to Germany. Overwhelmed with chagrin, Formosus died on the 4th of See also:April 896.

The discords in which he had been involved continued after his death. The validity of his acts was contested on the pretext that, having been originally bishop of Porto, he could not be a legitimate pope. The fundamental See also:

factor in these dissensions was the rivalry between the princes of Spoleto and the Carolingian See also:house, represented by the king of Germany. The See also:body of Formosus was disinterred in 897 by Stephen VI., and treated with contumely as that of a usurper of the papal See also:throne; but See also:Theodore II. restored it to See also:Christian See also:burial, and at a See also:council presided over by John IX. the pontificate of Formosus was declared valid and all his acts confirmed. (L.

End of Article: FORMOSUS

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